Piko Nejc, Bevc Sebastjan, Hojs Radovan, Ekart Robert
Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Sep 16;12(9):1772. doi: 10.3390/antiox12091772.
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are among the most common non-communicable diseases in the developed world, with increasing prevalence. Patients with acute kidney injury are at an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. One of kidney injury's most common clinical sequelae is increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In recent years, new insights into the pathophysiology of renal damage have been made. Oxidative stress is the imbalance favoring the increased generation of ROS and/or reduced body's innate antioxidant defense mechanisms and is of pivotal importance, not only in the development and progression of kidney disease but also in understanding the enhanced cardiovascular risk in these patients. This article summarizes and emphasizes the role of oxidative stress in acute kidney injury, various forms of chronic kidney disease, and also in patients on renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and after kidney transplant). Additionally, the role of oxidative stress in the development of drug-related nephrotoxicity and also in the development after exposure to various environmental and occupational pollutants is presented.
急性肾损伤和慢性肾脏病是发达国家最常见的非传染性疾病，且患病率不断上升。急性肾损伤患者发生慢性肾脏病的风险增加。肾损伤最常见的临床后遗症之一是心血管发病率和死亡率增加。近年来，人们对肾损伤的病理生理学有了新的认识。氧化应激是一种失衡状态，有利于活性氧生成增加和/或机体先天抗氧化防御机制减弱，它不仅在肾脏疾病的发生和发展中起关键作用，而且对于理解这些患者心血管风险增加也至关重要。本文总结并强调了氧化应激在急性肾损伤、各种形式的慢性肾脏病以及接受肾脏替代治疗（血液透析、腹膜透析和肾移植后）患者中的作用。此外，还介绍了氧化应激在药物相关性肾毒性发生以及接触各种环境和职业污染物后的发展中的作用。
