Eva Lucian, Pleș Horia, Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian, Glavan Luca Andrei, Bratu Bogdan-Gabriel, Bordeianu Andrei, Dumitrascu David-Ioan, Corlatescu Antonio Daniel, Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Clinical Emergency Hospital "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu", 700309 Iasi, Romania.
Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Biomedicines. 2023 Sep 8;11(9):2489. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11092489.
This review delves into neuroimmunology, focusing on its relevance to multiple sclerosis (MS) and potential treatment advancements. Neuroimmunology explores the intricate relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding these mechanisms is vital for grasping the pathophysiology of diseases like MS and for devising innovative treatments. This review introduces foundational neuroimmunology concepts, emphasizing the role of immune cells, cytokines, and blood-brain barrier in CNS stability. It highlights how their dysregulation can contribute to MS and discusses genetic and environmental factors influencing MS susceptibility. Cutting-edge research methods, from omics techniques to advanced imaging, have revolutionized our understanding of MS, offering valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools. This review also touches on the intriguing gut-brain axis, examining how gut microbiota impacts neuroimmunological processes and its potential therapeutic implications. Current MS treatments, from immunomodulatory drugs to disease-modifying therapies, are discussed alongside promising experimental approaches. The potential of personalized medicine, cell-based treatments, and gene therapy in MS management is also explored. In conclusion, this review underscores neuroimmunology's significance in MS research, suggesting that a deeper understanding could pave the way for more tailored and effective treatments for MS and similar conditions. Continued research and collaboration in neuroimmunology are essential for enhancing patient outcomes.
本综述深入探讨神经免疫学，重点关注其与多发性硬化症（MS）的相关性以及潜在的治疗进展。神经免疫学研究免疫系统与中枢神经系统（CNS）之间的复杂关系。了解这些机制对于掌握像MS这样的疾病的病理生理学以及设计创新治疗方法至关重要。本综述介绍了神经免疫学的基础概念，强调免疫细胞、细胞因子和血脑屏障在CNS稳定性中的作用。它突出了它们的失调如何导致MS，并讨论了影响MS易感性的遗传和环境因素。从组学技术到先进成像的前沿研究方法彻底改变了我们对MS的理解，提供了有价值的诊断和预后工具。本综述还涉及有趣的肠脑轴，研究肠道微生物群如何影响神经免疫过程及其潜在的治疗意义。同时讨论了当前MS的治疗方法，从免疫调节药物到疾病修正疗法，以及有前景的实验方法。还探讨了个性化医学、基于细胞的治疗和基因治疗在MS管理中的潜力。总之，本综述强调了神经免疫学在MS研究中的重要性，表明更深入的理解可为MS及类似病症带来更具针对性和有效的治疗方法铺平道路。神经免疫学方面持续的研究与合作对于改善患者预后至关重要。
