Vigorè Martina, Steccanella Andrea, Maffoni Marina, Torlaschi Valeria, Gorini Alessandra, La Rovere Maria Teresa, Maestri Roberto, Bussotti Maurizio, Masnaghetti Sergio, Fanfulla Francesco, Pierobon Antonia
Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27040 Montescano, Italy.
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Milano-Camaldoli, 20138 Milan, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Sep 6;11(18):2477. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11182477.
COVID-19 waves have been characterized by different clinical manifestations, a decrease of functional abilities, and the presence of psychological symptoms. The aims of this study were to investigate differences in physical and psychological symptoms during the three Italian waves of the coronavirus pandemic.
Patients undergoing a functional, cardiological and pneumological check-up follow-up at ICS Maugeri Institutes, 2-3 months after recovery from COVID-19 were consecutively recruited to participate in the study, completing a quanti-qualitative questionnaire about anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, and personal resources.
104 patients were recruited: 44 and 60 during the first and second/third pandemic waves, respectively. Physical comorbidities were more present in the second/third waves compared to the first one, while no significant differences were found in anxious and depressive symptoms, which were significantly higher than normal during the three waves; PTSD symptoms were reported by 56.3% of patients. Family, social support, and a positive mindset were described as resources to cope with the COVID-19 burden. Negative affects arose during outbreaks (panic) and the disease (fear), while positive affect (joy) characterized only the follow-up period.
This study shows how psychophysical symptoms might change during the pandemic waves and highlights the importance of protective factors to balance the subjective distress.
新冠疫情的不同阶段具有不同的临床表现、功能能力下降以及心理症状。本研究的目的是调查意大利新冠疫情三波期间身体和心理症状的差异。
在ICS Maugeri研究所接受功能、心脏和肺部检查随访的患者，在从新冠康复2至3个月后连续招募参加研究，完成一份关于焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍症状和个人资源的定量-定性问卷。
共招募了104名患者，分别在疫情第一波和第二/三波期间招募了44名和60名。与第一波相比，第二/三波中身体合并症更多见，而焦虑和抑郁症状无显著差异，三波期间均显著高于正常水平；56.3%的患者报告有创伤后应激障碍症状。家庭、社会支持和积极心态被描述为应对新冠负担的资源。负面影响出现在疫情爆发期间（恐慌）和患病期间（恐惧），而积极影响（喜悦）仅出现在随访期间。
本研究表明了身心症状在疫情各波期间可能如何变化，并强调了保护因素对平衡主观痛苦的重要性。
