Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy.
Centro Medico di Fisioterapia "Villa Sarina", 91011 Alcamo, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Aug 23;14(9):1667. doi: 10.3390/genes14091667.
In recent years, many articles have been published describing the impact of physical activity and diet on bone health. This review has aimed to figure out the possible epigenetic mechanisms that influence bone metabolism. Many studies highlighted the effects of macro and micronutrients combined with exercise on the regulation of gene expression through miRs. The present review will describe how physical activity and nutrition can prevent abnormal epigenetic regulation that otherwise could lead to bone-metabolism-related diseases, the most significant of which is osteoporosis. Nowadays, it is known that this effect can be carried out not only by endogenously produced miRs, but also through those intakes through the diet. Indeed, they have also been found in the transcriptome of animals and plants, and it is possible to hypothesise an interaction between miRNAs produced by different kingdoms and epigenetic influences on human gene expression. In particular, the key to the activation pathways triggered by diet and physical activity appears to be the activation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), the expression of which is regulated by several miRs. Among the main miRs involved are exercise-induced miR21 and 21-5p, and food-induced miR 221-3p and 222-3p.
近年来，有许多文章描述了体育活动和饮食对骨骼健康的影响。本综述旨在探讨可能影响骨代谢的表观遗传机制。许多研究强调了宏量和微量营养素与运动相结合对通过微小 RNA（miRs）调节基因表达的影响。本综述将描述体育活动和营养如何预防异常的表观遗传调节，否则这可能导致与骨代谢相关的疾病，其中最重要的是骨质疏松症。如今，人们已经知道，这种效应不仅可以通过内源性产生的微小 RNA 来实现，还可以通过饮食摄入来实现。事实上，它们也存在于动植物的转录组中，并且可以假设不同王国产生的微小 RNA 之间存在相互作用以及对人类基因表达的表观遗传影响。特别是，饮食和体育活动触发的激活途径的关键似乎是 runt 相关转录因子 2（RUNX2）的激活，其表达受到几种微小 RNA 的调节。其中涉及的主要微小 RNA 有运动诱导的微小 RNA21 和 21-5p，以及食物诱导的微小 RNA221-3p 和 222-3p。
