Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brown Croaker () in Korea and China Inferred from mtDNA Control Region.

Brown croaker (), a species of fish with significant commercial value, is found in the coastal seas of Korea, China, and Japan. The genetic diversity and population structure of a representative sample of brown croaker specimens were assessed based on the control region of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Samples from a total of 115 individuals were collected from three separate locations, one in China (Lianyungang) and two in Korea (Mokpo and Gyeongnyeolbiyeoldo Island). Analysis of the 436-base-pair mtDNA control region revealed that the haplotype diversity ranged from 0.973 ± 0.025 to 0.988 ± 0.008, while the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.012 ± 0.006 to 0.017 ± 0.009. The level of genetic diversity, star-shaped haplotype network, significant Fu's Fs test, and analysis of the mismatch distribution all suggested that this species has experienced population expansion. Fixation index analysis indicated that the population collected at the site in China differed significantly from the two populations obtained in Korea. The findings of this study extend the general understanding of the population structure of and can be used to develop strategies for effective resource management.