急性长间隔与短间隔高强度间歇训练对青少年男女样本注意力和心理状态的影响：一项初步研究。
Effects of Acute Long- versus Short-Interval High-Intensity Interval Training on Attention and Psychological States in a Sample of Male and Female Adolescents: A Pilot Study.
作者信息
Slimani Maamer, Issaoui Mahdi, Znazen Hela, Hammami Amri, Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
机构信息
School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Genoa University, 16126 Genoa, Italy.
Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
出版信息
Life (Basel). 2023 Aug 31;13(9):1846. doi: 10.3390/life13091846.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of acute short- versus long-interval high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive performance and psychological states in secondary school students. Fifteen secondary school students (nine males and six females: mean age = 16.2 ± 0.4 years, mean Body Mass Index = 21.2 ± 1.5 kg/m, and maximum oxygen uptake = 42.2 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min) participated in the current study. They performed one of the following three sessions in a randomized order: (i) a long-interval HIIT (LIHIIT), (ii) a short-interval HIIT (SIHIIT), and (iii) a control condition (CC). Cognitive performance and perceived exertion were assessed pre and immediately post each condition using the d2 test and the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) tool, respectively. Mood state was quantified using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) questionnaire immediately post each condition. The findings reported higher concentration performance in the SIHIIT compared to the LIHIIT condition ( = 0.043) and the CC ( < 0.001) and in the LIHIIT compared to the CC ( = 0.023). Moreover, the total count of errors was higher in the CC than in the LIHIIT ( = 0.01) and in the SIHIIT conditions ( < 0.001) and in the LIHIIT than in the SIHIIT condition ( = 0.03). RPE value was higher in the LIHIIT and SIHIIT conditions than in the CC (both < 0.001), whereas no statistically significant difference between LIHIIT and SIHIIT conditions ( = 0.24) was found. Regarding the BRUMS, a significant difference between conditions in the fatigue subscale was found, being higher in LIHIIT with respect to SIHIIT ( = 0.03) and CC ( < 0.05). Vigor differed between conditions, with a higher value than in the LIHIIT ( = 0.04) and CC ( < 0.001). All the remaining subscales did not significantly differ between conditions ( > 0.05). Practitioners may implement short-interval HIIT prior to any tasks that require high levels of visual attention.
本研究的目的是评估急性短间隔与长间隔高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对中学生认知表现和心理状态的影响。15名中学生（9名男性和6名女性：平均年龄 = 16.2 ± 0.4岁，平均体重指数 = 21.2 ± 1.5 kg/m²，最大摄氧量 = 42.2 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min）参与了本研究。他们以随机顺序进行以下三种训练中的一种：（i）长间隔HIIT（LIHIIT），（ii）短间隔HIIT（SIHIIT），以及（iii）对照条件（CC）。分别使用d2测试和主观用力程度分级（RPE）工具在每种训练前和训练后立即评估认知表现和主观用力程度。在每种训练后立即使用布鲁内尔情绪量表（BRUMS）问卷对情绪状态进行量化。研究结果显示，与LIHIIT训练（p = 0.043）和CC训练（p < 0.001）相比，SIHIIT训练中的注意力集中表现更高；与CC训练相比，LIHIIT训练中的注意力集中表现也更高（p = 0.023）。此外，CC训练中的错误总数高于LIHIIT训练（p = 0.01）和SIHIIT训练（p < 0.001），且LIHIIT训练中的错误总数高于SIHIIT训练（p = 0.03）。LIHIIT训练和SIHIIT训练中的RPE值高于CC训练（两者p均 < 0.001），而LIHIIT训练和SIHIIT训练之间未发现统计学上的显著差异（p = 0.24）。关于BRUMS量表，发现各训练条件在疲劳子量表上存在显著差异，LIHIIT训练相对于SIHIIT训练（p = 0.03）和CC训练（p < 0.05）更高。活力在各训练条件之间存在差异，SIHIIT训练的值高于LIHIIT训练（p = 0.04）和CC训练（p < 0.001）。所有其余子量表在各训练条件之间无显著差异（p > 0.05）。从业者可以在任何需要高度视觉注意力的任务之前实施短间隔HIIT训练。
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