Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106209, Taiwan.
Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 30;18(7):3593. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073593.
Acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient strategy to improve physical health; however, the effect of acute HIIT on executive function (EF) is unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence and quantify the effect of acute HIIT on overall EF and the factors affecting the relationship between acute HIIT and EF. Standard databases (i.e., the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases) were searched for studies that examined the effect of acute HIIT on EF and were published up until January 2021. The overall EF and factors grouped by three categories, namely, EF assessment characteristics, exercise intervention characteristics, and sample and study characteristics, were analyzed by percentage of comparison for positive or null/negative effects. Overall, 35 of 57 outcomes (61%) across 24 studies revealed that acute HIIT has a positive effect on overall EF. In terms of factors, the results indicated that among EF assessment characteristics, groups, inhibition, updating, and the assessment occurring within 30 min may moderate the effect of acute HIIT on EF, while among exercise intervention characteristics, total time within 11 to 30 min may moderate the effect. Finally, among sample characteristics, age under 40 years may moderate the effect. Acute HIIT is generally considered a viable alternative for eliciting EF gains, with factors related to EF components, timing of the assessment, exercise total time, and age potentially moderating the effect of HIIT on EF.
急性高强度间歇训练（HIIT）是一种提高身体健康的高效策略；然而，急性 HIIT 对执行功能（EF）的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在系统回顾现有证据，并量化急性 HIIT 对整体 EF 的影响，以及分析影响急性 HIIT 与 EF 之间关系的因素。标准数据库（即 PubMed、Medline、Scopus 和 CENTRAL 数据库）检索了截至 2021 年 1 月研究急性 HIIT 对 EF 影响的研究。通过比较阳性或阴性/无影响的比例，对整体 EF 和按三个类别分组的因素（EF 评估特征、运动干预特征和样本和研究特征）进行分析。总体而言，24 项研究中的 35 项（61%）结果表明，急性 HIIT 对整体 EF 有积极影响。就因素而言，结果表明，在 EF 评估特征中，组、抑制、更新以及评估发生在 30 分钟内可能调节急性 HIIT 对 EF 的影响，而在运动干预特征中，11 至 30 分钟内的总时间可能调节其影响。最后，在样本特征中，40 岁以下的年龄可能调节其影响。急性 HIIT 通常被认为是一种可行的替代方案，可以引起 EF 收益，与 EF 成分、评估时间、运动总时间和年龄相关的因素可能调节 HIIT 对 EF 的影响。
