Jauk Julian, Gosch Lukas, Vašatko Hana, Königsberger Markus, Schlusche Johannes, Stavric Milena
Institute of Architecture and Media, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Institute of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Sep 17;16(18):6253. doi: 10.3390/ma16186253.
This research resulted in the development of a method that can be used for filament-reinforced 3D printing of clay. Currently, clay-based elements are mixed with randomly dispersed fibrous materials in order to increase their tensile strength. The advantages of taking this new approach to create filament-reinforced prints are the increased bridging ability while printing, the increased tensile strength of the dried elements, and the achievement of non-catastrophic failure behavior. The research methodology used involves the following steps: (1) evaluating properties of various filament materials with respect to multiple criteria, (2) designing a filament guiding nozzle for co-extrusion, and (3) conducting a comprehensive testing phase for the composite material. This phase involves comparisons of bridging ability, tensile strength evaluations for un-reinforced clay prints and filament-reinforced prints, as well as the successful production of an architectural brick prototype. (4) Finally, the gathered results are subjected to thorough analysis. Compared to conventional 3D printing of clay, the developed method enables a substantial increase in bridging distance during printing by a factor of 460%. This capability facilitates the design of objects characterized by reduced solidity and the attainment of a more open, lightweight, and net-like structure. Further, results show that the average tensile strength of the reinforced sample in a dry state exhibited an enhancement of approximately 15%. The combination of clay's ability to resist compression and the filament's capacity to withstand tension has led to the development of a structural concept in this composite material akin to that of reinforced concrete. This suggests its potential application within the construction industry. Producing the prototype presented in this research would not have been possible with existing 3D printing methods of clay.
这项研究开发出了一种可用于丝状增强黏土3D打印的方法。目前，黏土基材料与随机分散的纤维材料混合，以提高其拉伸强度。采用这种新方法制作丝状增强打印件的优点包括：打印时桥接能力增强、干燥后的部件拉伸强度提高以及实现非灾难性失效行为。所采用的研究方法包括以下步骤：（1）根据多个标准评估各种丝状材料的性能；（2）设计用于共挤出的丝状导向喷嘴；（3）对复合材料进行全面测试阶段。该阶段包括桥接能力的比较、未增强黏土打印件和丝状增强打印件的拉伸强度评估，以及成功制作建筑砖块原型。（4）最后，对收集到的结果进行深入分析。与传统的黏土3D打印相比，所开发的方法使打印过程中的桥接距离大幅增加，提高了460%。这种能力有助于设计出实体性降低、结构更开放、更轻质且呈网状的物体。此外，结果表明，干燥状态下增强样品的平均拉伸强度提高了约15%。黏土抗压能力与丝状材料抗拉能力的结合，在这种复合材料中形成了一种类似于钢筋混凝土的结构概念。这表明其在建筑行业具有潜在应用价值。使用现有的黏土3D打印方法，本研究中展示的原型是无法制作出来的。
