Di Mola Ida, Cozzolino Eugenio, Ottaiano Lucia, Riccardi Riccardo, Spigno Patrizia, Petriccione Milena, Fiorentino Nunzio, Fagnano Massimo, Mori Mauro
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)-Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Sep 7;12(18):3203. doi: 10.3390/plants12183203.
Mulching is a common practice for improving crop yield and obtaining an out-of-season production, but when made using plastic materials it can bring environmental problems due to the management and the disposal of films at the end of the cropping seasons. To increase the sustainability of this practice, recently, mulching films made with biodegradable organic materials have become more widely used. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a biodegradable mulching film on yield and qualitative traits of the San Marzano tomato fruits over two years (2014 and 2015). Two different types of mulching were tested: (i) black biodegradable film (MB12) and (ii) black low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were compared to bare soil (BS). Both mulching films elicited a 25% increase in yield, mainly due to the significantly higher number of fruits per square meter, compared to BS. Both mulching films also elicited a 9.9% increase in total soluble solids and a 57% increase in carotenoid content, while firmness showed the highest value in BS fruits. MB12 determined the highest value of the Hunter color ratio a/b of tomato fruits, followed by LDPE, while the lowest value was recorded in BS fruits. Both mulching films elicited an increase of 9.6%, 26.0%, and 11.7% for flavonoids, polyphenols, and AsA, respectively. In 2014, the MB12 degradation started at 71 days after transplant (DAT); in 2015, at 104 DAT. Therefore, replacing polyethylene with biodegradable film would seem to be an agronomically efficient and environmentally sustainable practice.
地膜覆盖是提高作物产量和实现反季节生产的常见做法，但使用塑料材料进行地膜覆盖时，由于种植季节结束时薄膜的管理和处置，会带来环境问题。为了提高这种做法的可持续性，近年来，由可生物降解有机材料制成的地膜得到了更广泛的应用。我们的目的是评估一种可生物降解地膜在两年（2014年和2015年）内对圣马扎诺番茄果实产量和品质性状的影响。测试了两种不同类型的地膜覆盖：（i）黑色可生物降解膜（MB12）和（ii）黑色低密度聚乙烯（LDPE），并与裸土（BS）进行了比较。与裸土相比，两种地膜覆盖均使产量提高了25%，主要原因是每平方米的果实数量显著增加。两种地膜覆盖还使总可溶性固形物增加了9.9%，类胡萝卜素含量增加了57%，而裸土果实的硬度最高。MB12使番茄果实的亨特颜色比a/b值最高，其次是LDPE，而裸土果实的该值最低。两种地膜覆盖分别使类黄酮、多酚和抗坏血酸（AsA）增加了9.6%、26.0%和11.7%。2014年，MB12在移栽后71天（DAT）开始降解；2015年，在104 DAT开始降解。因此，用可生物降解膜替代聚乙烯似乎是一种农艺上高效且环境可持续的做法。
