Discipline of General Practice, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Maturitas. 2011 Apr;68(4):299-310. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.11.018. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
Cardiovascular disease is associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and vascular dysfunction. Lycopene, a carotenoid found in tomatoes, is an antioxidant with a protective effect on lipid peroxidation and anti-atherosclerotic capacity. This review summarises current evidence on the effect of lycopene on serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure.
We searched the PubMed and Cochrane databases for intervention studies between 1955 and September 2010 investigating the effect of lycopene on blood lipids or blood pressure for a minimum duration of 2 weeks. We conducted meta-analyses using a random effect model of all studies fitting the inclusion criteria. Additionally, we conducted subgroup meta-analysis of serum lipid concentrations by lycopene dosage and subgroup meta-analysis by baseline blood pressure.
Twelve studies (13 trial arms) meeting the inclusion criteria investigated the effect of lycopene on serum lipids, and four studies examined its effect on blood pressure. Meta-analysis on serum lipids revealed a significant cholesterol-lowering effect of lycopene for total serum cholesterol (mean change±SE: -7.55±6.15mg/dl; p=0.02) and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (mean change±SE: -10.35±5.64mg/dl, p=0.0003) in the subgroup of trials using lycopene dosages of ≥25mg daily, whereas subgroup meta-analysis of trials using lower lycopene dosages was not significant. Meta-analysis of the effect of lycopene on systolic blood pressure of all trials suggested a significant blood pressure reducing effect (mean systolic blood pressure change±SE: -5.60±5.26mm Hg, p=0.04).
Our meta-analysis suggests that lycopene taken in doses ≥25mg daily is effective in reducing LDL cholesterol by about 10% which is comparable to the effect of low doses of statins in patient with slightly elevated cholesterol levels. More research is needed to confirm suggested beneficial effects on total serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure.
心血管疾病与氧化应激、炎症过程和血管功能障碍有关。番茄红素是一种类胡萝卜素，存在于番茄中，是一种具有抗氧化作用的物质，可防止脂质过氧化和抗动脉粥样硬化。本综述总结了番茄红素对血清脂质浓度和血压影响的现有证据。
我们检索了 1955 年至 2010 年 9 月间的 PubMed 和 Cochrane 数据库，以寻找研究番茄红素对血脂或血压影响的干预研究，这些研究的最低持续时间为 2 周。我们使用符合纳入标准的所有研究的随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。此外，我们还进行了按番茄红素剂量分组的血清脂质浓度亚组荟萃分析和按基线血压分组的亚组荟萃分析。
符合纳入标准的 12 项研究（13 个试验臂）调查了番茄红素对血清脂质的影响，4 项研究调查了其对血压的影响。对血清脂质的荟萃分析显示，番茄红素对总血清胆固醇（平均变化±SE：-7.55±6.15mg/dl；p=0.02）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇（平均变化±SE：-10.35±5.64mg/dl，p=0.0003）有显著的降低作用，这是在使用每日剂量≥25mg 番茄红素的试验亚组中观察到的，而使用较低剂量番茄红素的试验亚组则没有显著效果。对所有试验中番茄红素对收缩压影响的荟萃分析表明，有显著的降压作用（平均收缩压变化±SE：-5.60±5.26mmHg，p=0.04）。
我们的荟萃分析表明，每日摄入剂量≥25mg 的番茄红素可有效降低 LDL 胆固醇约 10%，与轻度升高胆固醇水平的患者使用低剂量他汀类药物的效果相当。需要进一步的研究来证实对总血清胆固醇和收缩压的建议有益作用。
