Hussein Mohammed A A, Alqahtani Mesfer M, Alwutayd Khairiah M, Aloufi Abeer S, Osama Omnia, Azab Enas S, Abdelsattar Mohamed, Hassanin Abdallah A, Okasha Salah A
Department of Botany (Genetics), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Sep 20;12(18):3330. doi: 10.3390/plants12183330.
Salinity is a widespread abiotic stress that devastatingly impacts wheat growth and restricts its productivity worldwide. The present study is aimed at elucidating biochemical, physiological, anatomical, gene expression analysis, and agronomic responses of three diverse wheat genotypes to different salinity levels. A salinity treatment of 5000 and 7000 ppm gradually reduced photosynthetic pigments, anatomical root and leaf measurements and agronomic traits of all evaluated wheat genotypes (Ismailia line, Misr 1, and Misr 3). In addition, increasing salinity levels substantially decreased all anatomical root and leaf measurements except sclerenchyma tissue upper and lower vascular bundle thickness compared with unstressed plants. However, proline content in stressed plants was stimulated by increasing salinity levels in all evaluated wheat genotypes. Moreover, Na+ ions content and antioxidant enzyme activities in stressed leaves increased the high level of salinity in all genotypes. The evaluated wheat genotypes demonstrated substantial variations in all studied characters. The Ismailia line exhibited the uppermost performance in photosynthetic pigments under both salinity levels. Additionally, the Ismailia line was superior in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes followed by Misr 1. Moreover, the Ismailia line recorded the maximum anatomical root and leaf measurements under salinity stress, which enhanced its tolerance to salinity stress. The Ismailia line and Misr 3 presented high up-regulation of H+ATPase, NHX2 HAK, and HKT genes in the root and leaf under both salinity levels. The positive physiological, anatomical, and molecular responses of the Ismailia line under salinity stress were reflected on agronomic performance and exhibited superior values of all evaluated agronomic traits.
盐度是一种广泛存在的非生物胁迫，对小麦生长产生毁灭性影响，并限制了其在全球范围内的生产力。本研究旨在阐明三种不同小麦基因型对不同盐度水平的生化、生理、解剖学、基因表达分析及农艺学响应。5000 ppm和7000 ppm的盐度处理逐渐降低了所有评估小麦基因型（伊斯梅利亚品系、米斯尔1号和米斯尔3号）的光合色素、根系和叶片解剖测量值以及农艺性状。此外，与未受胁迫的植株相比，盐度水平的升高显著降低了除厚壁组织上下维管束厚度外的所有根系和叶片解剖测量值。然而，在所有评估的小麦基因型中，胁迫植株中的脯氨酸含量随着盐度水平的升高而增加。此外，胁迫叶片中的钠离子含量和抗氧化酶活性在所有基因型中都随着盐度的升高而增加。评估的小麦基因型在所有研究性状上表现出显著差异。在两种盐度水平下，伊斯梅利亚品系在光合色素方面表现出最高性能。此外，伊斯梅利亚品系在超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶活性（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POX）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性方面表现优异，其次是米斯尔1号。此外，伊斯梅利亚品系在盐胁迫下根系和叶片的解剖测量值最大，这增强了其对盐胁迫的耐受性。在两种盐度水平下，伊斯梅利亚品系和米斯尔3号在根和叶中H⁺ATPase、NHX2 HAK和HKT基因均呈现高度上调。伊斯梅利亚品系在盐胁迫下的积极生理、解剖学和分子响应反映在农艺性能上，并在所有评估的农艺性状中表现出优异值。
