Treatment modalities in the affective disorders of old age.

In summary, I have reviewed the application of three major treatment modalities, psychotherapy, drug therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy, to the affective disorders of old age. Older patients are remarkably responsive to each of these forms of psychotherapy. Certain modifications in therapeutic approach must be introduced to make them effective. However, once these modifications are implemented many older patients can return to normal and satisfying lives following effective treatment of their affective disorders.