Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2023 Oct;891:503687. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503687. Epub 2023 Aug 27.
Callingcard Vine (Entada polystachya (L.) DC. var. polystachya - Fabaceae) is a common plant in coastal thickets from western Mexico through Central America to Colombia and Brazil, especially in Amazon biome. It has been popularly used as a urinary burning reliever and diuretic. However, the plant chemical constituents are poorly understood and Entada spp. genotoxic potential have not been previously investigated. In the present study we determined the chemical composition of the aqueous E. polystachya crude seed extract (EPCSE) and evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties of EPCSE in Salmonella typhimurium and Chinese hamster fibroblast (V79) cells. Cytotoxic activity was also evaluated in tumor cell lines (HT29, MCF7 and U87) and non-malignant cells (MRC5). The chemical analysis by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) of EPCSE indicated the presence of saponin and chalcone. The results of the MTT and clonal survival assays suggest that EPCSE is cytotoxic to V79 cells. Survival analysis showed higher IC in non-tumor compared with tumor cell lines. EPCSE showed induction of DNA strand breaks as revealed by the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test. Using the modified comet assay, it was possible to detect the induction of oxidative DNA base damage by EPCSE in V79 cells. Consistently, the extract induced increase lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in V79 cells. In addition, EPCSE induced mutations in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, confirming a mutagenic potential. Taken together, our results suggest that EPCSE is cytotoxic and genotoxic to V79 cells and mutagenic to S. typhimurium. These properties can be related to the pro-oxidant ability of the extract and induction of DNA lesions. Additionally, EPCSE could inhibit the growth of tumor cells, especially human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell line, and can constitute a possible source of antitumor natural agents.
Callicarpa Vine（蒴莲，豆科植物）是一种常见的植物，生长在从墨西哥西部到中美洲、哥伦比亚和巴西的沿海灌木丛中，尤其在亚马逊生物群落中。它一直被广泛用作缓解尿路灼热和利尿的药物。然而，其植物化学成分尚未得到充分了解，也没有研究过蒴莲属植物的遗传毒性。在本研究中，我们确定了蒴莲粗种子提取物（EPCSE）的化学成分，并评估了 EPCSE 在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（V79）中的细胞毒性、遗传毒性和致突变性。我们还在肿瘤细胞系（HT29、MCF7 和 U87）和非恶性细胞（MRC5）中评估了细胞毒性。EPCSE 的高分辨率质谱（HRMS）化学分析表明存在皂苷和查尔酮。MTT 和克隆存活测定结果表明，EPCSE 对 V79 细胞具有细胞毒性。生存分析表明，非肿瘤细胞系的 IC 高于肿瘤细胞系。碱性彗星试验和微核试验表明，EPCSE 可诱导 DNA 链断裂。使用改良的彗星试验，我们能够检测到 EPCSE 在 V79 细胞中诱导的氧化 DNA 碱基损伤。一致地，该提取物诱导 V79 细胞中脂质过氧化（TBARS）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增加。此外，EPCSE 诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 TA98 和 TA100 菌株突变，证实了其致突变潜力。综上所述，我们的结果表明，EPCSE 对 V79 细胞具有细胞毒性和遗传毒性，对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌具有致突变性。这些特性可能与提取物的促氧化能力和 DNA 损伤的诱导有关。此外，EPCSE 可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长，特别是人结肠直肠腺癌（HT29）细胞系，可能是一种潜在的抗肿瘤天然药物来源。
