Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2023;201:93-118. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005. Epub 2023 May 2.
Phage therapy, the use of bacteriophage viruses for bacterial infection treatment, has been around for almost a century, but with the increase in antibiotic use, its importance has declined rapidly. There has been renewed interest in revisiting this practice due to the general decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics, combined with improved understanding of human microbiota and advances in sequencing technologies. Phage therapy has been proposed as a clinical alternative to restore the gut microbiota in the absence of an effective treatment. That is due to its immunomodulatory and bactericidal effects against its target bacteria. In the gastrointestinal diseases field, phage therapy has been studied mainly as a promising tool in infectious diseases treatment, such as cholera and diarrhea. However, many studies have been conducted in non-communicable diseases, such as the targeting of adherent invasive Escherichia coli in Crohn's disease, the treatment of Clostridioides difficile in ulcerative colitis, the eradication of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer, the targeting of alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or Enterococcus faecalis in alcohol-associated hepatitis. This review will summarize the changes in the gut microbiota and the phageome in association with some gastrointestinal and liver diseases and highlight the recent scientific advances in phage therapy as a therapeutic tool for their treatment.
噬菌体疗法，即利用噬菌体病毒治疗细菌感染，已有近一个世纪的历史，但随着抗生素的广泛使用，其重要性迅速下降。由于抗生素有效性普遍下降，加上对人类微生物组的理解加深和测序技术的进步，人们重新产生了对这种疗法的兴趣。噬菌体疗法被提议作为一种临床替代方法，以在缺乏有效治疗方法的情况下恢复肠道微生物群。这是由于其对靶细菌具有免疫调节和杀菌作用。在胃肠道疾病领域，噬菌体疗法主要作为一种有前途的传染病治疗工具进行研究，如霍乱和腹泻。然而，许多研究已经在非传染性疾病中进行，如靶向克罗恩病中的黏附侵袭性大肠杆菌、溃疡性结肠炎中的艰难梭菌、结直肠癌中的具核梭杆菌、非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的产酒精肺炎克雷伯菌或酒精性肝炎中的粪肠球菌。这篇综述将总结与一些胃肠道和肝脏疾病相关的肠道微生物群和噬菌体组的变化，并重点介绍噬菌体疗法作为治疗这些疾病的治疗工具的最新科学进展。
