Teixeira Alexandre Lima de F, Bhaduri Anik, Siefert Cesar Augusto Crovador, Iftekhar Md Sayed, Bunn Stuart E, Souza Saulo Aires de, Gonçalves Marco Vinicius Castro, Costa Larissa Corteletti da
Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia; National Water and Sanitation Agency of Brazil, Setor Policial Sul, Área 5, Quadra 3, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1;906:167351. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167351. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of sustainable agricultural management solutions at a farm level to mitigate water security threats in one of Brazil's agricultural frontiers - the Grande River basin. The paper addresses future challenges to water security in the river basin and explores how effective solutions are at a farm level to mitigate current and future water security threats at a basin scale. Based on the assessment of multiple drivers, higher future water security threats in the region are predicted in 2040 due to climate change, land use modification and corresponding changes in water use. The paper finds that the Formosa do Rio Preto region, which is not currently water-insecure, may turn into a water security hotspot area by 2040. The effective response index for water security (ERI-WS), based on the qualitative assessment of the impact at the farm scale, is used to evaluate the effectiveness of current sustainable management practices in addressing water security challenges. The water security dimensions approach of the ERI-WS shows that >50 % of the sites have technologies that can have positive impacts on the "Drinking water and human well-being", "Economic activities and development", "Ecosystem" and the "Resilience" dimensions. The paper finds that 66 % of the farms have efficient soil, land, and water management solutions (ERI-WS > 0.5) to address current and future water security issues. These solutions range from sustainable grazing land management to integrated plant nutrition management to enhanced soil productivity. However, 15 % of the farms located in vulnerable areas of the municipalities of São Desidério, Barreiras and Catolândia have lower effectiveness. Results also indicate that 36 % of the sites, distributed in 8 municipalities, employ nature-based solutions to mitigate water security threats, mainly those related to water quality conditions in downstream areas, indicating the relevance of these practices in the region.
本文评估了农场层面可持续农业管理解决方案在减轻巴西农业前沿地区之一——格兰德河流域水安全威胁方面的有效性。本文探讨了该流域未来面临的水安全挑战，并探究了农场层面的有效解决方案在减轻流域尺度当前及未来水安全威胁方面的成效。基于对多种驱动因素的评估，预计到2040年，由于气候变化、土地利用变化及相应的用水变化，该地区未来的水安全威胁将加剧。本文发现，目前不存在水安全问题的福尔摩沙-杜里奥普雷图地区到2040年可能会变成水安全热点地区。基于对农场尺度影响的定性评估得出的水安全有效响应指数（ERI-WS），用于评估当前可持续管理实践应对水安全挑战的有效性。ERI-WS的水安全维度方法表明，超过50%的地点拥有可对“饮用水与人类福祉”“经济活动与发展”“生态系统”及“恢复力”维度产生积极影响的技术。本文发现，66%的农场拥有有效的土壤、土地和水资源管理解决方案（ERI-WS>0.5），以应对当前及未来的水安全问题。这些解决方案包括从可持续放牧地管理到综合植物营养管理，再到提高土壤生产力。然而，位于圣德西德里奥、巴雷拉斯和卡托兰迪亚等市脆弱地区的15%的农场有效性较低。结果还表明，分布在8个市的36%的地点采用基于自然的解决方案来减轻水安全威胁，主要是那些与下游地区水质状况相关的威胁，这表明了这些做法在该地区的重要性。
