Vieira Claudio, Kuss Daria J, Griffiths Mark D
International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK.
Psychology, Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2023 Nov;105:102340. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102340. Epub 2023 Sep 25.
As observed in other mental health difficulties, behavioural addiction is a complex construct with several potential predisposing factors, which include biological factors (e.g., genetic predispositions), psychological factors (e.g., personality traits), and social factors (e.g., family, and social history). One factor that may play a significant role in both developing and perpetuating behavioural addiction is the activation of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). The aim of the present review was to synthesize the evidence concerning the relationship between behavioural addiction and EMSs. A comprehensive literature search using keywords and subject headings was performed with three electronic databases, resulting in 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In relation to specific behavioural addiction, the 20 studies examined: binge-eating/food addiction (n = 6), sexual addiction/compulsive sexual behaviours (n = 3), multiple addictive behaviours (n = 2), internet addiction (n = 2), smartphone addiction (n = 2), social networking/Facebook addiction (n = 2), exercise dependence (n = 1), gambling (n = 1), and videogame addiction (n = 1). The patterns of association between EMS and behavioural addiction were examined in both clinical and non-clinical population. The 'Disconnection and Rejection' domain was the most strongly related schema domain across all addictive behaviours, followed by 'Impaired Limits'. The present review suggests a positive relationship between schema activation and several addictive behaviours, including addictions to gambling, gaming, social media use sex, exercise, and food. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed, but further research is needed to inform treatment plans and interventions for those who struggle with behavioural addictions.
正如在其他心理健康问题中所观察到的，行为成瘾是一个复杂的概念，有几个潜在的诱发因素，包括生物学因素（如遗传易感性）、心理因素（如人格特质）和社会因素（如家庭和社会历史）。在行为成瘾的发展和持续存在中可能起重要作用的一个因素是早期适应不良图式（EMSs）的激活。本综述的目的是综合有关行为成瘾与EMSs之间关系的证据。使用关键词和主题词对三个电子数据库进行了全面的文献检索，结果有20项研究符合纳入标准。关于特定的行为成瘾，这20项研究考察了：暴饮暴食/食物成瘾（n = 6）、性成瘾/强迫性行为（n = 3）、多种成瘾行为（n = 2）、网络成瘾（n = 2）、智能手机成瘾（n = 2）、社交网络/脸书成瘾（n = 2）、运动依赖（n = 1）、赌博（n = 1）和电子游戏成瘾（n = 1）。在临床和非临床人群中都考察了EMS与行为成瘾之间的关联模式。“分离与拒绝”领域是所有成瘾行为中关联最强的图式领域，其次是“界限受损”。本综述表明图式激活与几种成瘾行为之间存在正相关，包括赌博、游戏、社交媒体使用、性、运动和食物成瘾。文中讨论了这些发现的临床意义，但需要进一步的研究为那些与行为成瘾作斗争的人提供治疗计划和干预措施的信息。
