Status of Serum Pro-inflammatory Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) in Newly Diagnosed Bangladeshi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

As limited or no studies on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α)) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) were reported in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Bangladesh. This case-control prospective interventional study was therefore undertaken to ascertain the status of them newly diagnosed Bangladeshi patients with T2DM at Medical Research Unit (MRU), MCW&H Building, MHWT, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2021. Suspected patients with T2DM had undergone oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after overnight fasting. Blood samples were collected from patients at 'O' minute (Fasting) and at 2Hr (120 min) of OGTT. Newly OGTT positive 36 adult Bangladeshi patients (Male: 15, Female: 21, Age range: 35-65 years; mean±SD: 47±18 years) and 30 normal healthy subjects (Male: 12, Female: 18; Age range: 32-67 years; mean ±SD: 45±16 years) were included in the study. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme immunoassay methods using research kits obtained from reputed companies at Medical Research Unit laboratory, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Fasting serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) were much elevated in patients compared to controls by Students t-test (p<0.001); At 2Hr of OGTT, the serum levels of these cytokines in patients remained elevated even at 2Hr of OGTT compared to their fasting levels (p<0.001). Among the anti-inflammatory cytokines, serum IL-4 level was found to be higher in patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Interestingly, F-IL-10 and F-IL-13 levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls (p<0.001). These anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-13) at 2Hr of OGTT also remained low among patients as revealed by Paired t-test (p?0.05); These results reported for the first time in Bangladeshi patients supported the concept that T2DM possibly develops due to imbalance among pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies are warranted along this line involving more respondents.