Key Laboratory of Soil Resource &Biotech Application, Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, 710061, China; Xi 'an Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, 710061, China.
Key Laboratory of Soil Resource &Biotech Application, Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, 710061, China; Xi 'an Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, 710061, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Dec 1;338:122639. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122639. Epub 2023 Sep 29.
Increasing food demand has led to more intensive farming, which threatens our ecosystem and human health due to toxic elements accumulation. This study aimed to estimate the vulnerability of different agricultural systems with unequal high fertilizer input practices regarding toxic element pollution in the greenhouse, kiwifruit orchard, cereal field, and forest/grassland. Soil samples were collected from 181 sites across Shaanxi Province, China, and analyzed for selected characteristics and toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn). The contamination factor (CF) represents the ratio of the measured value of the toxic element in the soil over the soil background values. The CF values of all the toxic elements were above background values, while Cd and Hg contamination levels were more severe than those of Zn, Cu, As, Cr, and Pb. Kiwifruit orchards and greenhouse soils were contaminated with Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn, but cereal fields and forest/grassland soils were contaminated with As, Cd, Hg, and Hg. Overall, the cumulative pollution load (PLI) of toxic elements indicated moderate contamination. The cumulative ecological risk (RI) results indicated that greenhouse (178.81) and forest/grassland (156.25) soils were at moderate ecological risks, whereas kiwifruit orchards (120.97) and cereal field (139.72) soils were at low ecological risks. According to a Pearson correlation analysis, Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn were substantially linked with soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), and total potassium (TK). The primary sources of toxic elements were phosphate and potash fertilizers, manure, composts, and pesticides in a greenhouse, kiwifruit orchards, and cereal fields, whereas, in forest/grassland soils parent material and atmospheric deposition were the sources identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF). Furthermore, the partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) demonstrated that agriculture inputs largely influenced toxic elements accumulation. We conclude that high fertilizer inputs in greenhouse soils should be considered carefully so that toxic element pollution may be minimized.
由于有毒元素的积累，不断增长的食物需求导致了更为集约化的农业生产方式，从而威胁到我们的生态系统和人类健康。本研究旨在评估不同农业系统在温室、猕猴桃果园、谷物田和森林/草地中有毒元素污染方面的脆弱性，这些农业系统的施肥水平不均等。本研究在中国陕西省采集了 181 个地点的土壤样本，并对选定的特征和有毒元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb 和 Zn）进行了分析。污染因子（CF）代表土壤中有毒元素实测值与土壤背景值的比值。所有有毒元素的 CF 值均高于背景值，而 Cd 和 Hg 的污染水平比 Zn、Cu、As、Cr 和 Pb 更为严重。猕猴桃果园和温室土壤受到了 Cd、Hg、Cu 和 Zn 的污染，但谷物田和森林/草地土壤受到了 As、Cd、Hg 和 Pb 的污染。总的来说，有毒元素的累积污染负荷（PLI）表明存在中度污染。累积生态风险（RI）结果表明，温室（178.81）和森林/草地（156.25）土壤处于中度生态风险，而猕猴桃果园（120.97）和谷物田（139.72）土壤处于低生态风险。根据 Pearson 相关性分析，Cd、Hg、Cu 和 Zn 与土壤有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）和全钾（TK）密切相关。温室、猕猴桃果园和谷物田土壤中有毒元素的主要来源是磷肥和钾肥、粪肥、堆肥和农药，而森林/草地土壤中则是由正矩阵因子分析（PMF）确定的母质和大气沉降。此外，偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）表明，农业投入对有毒元素的积累有很大影响。我们得出结论，应慎重考虑温室土壤中的高肥料投入，以尽量减少有毒元素的污染。
