Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-Situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Changchun, 130021, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov;30(51):110204-110219. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29603-5. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
Groundwater is important for human survival and development, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aimed to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics, influencing factors, and the impact of human activities on groundwater in the semi-arid plains of western Jilin Province, northwest China. The study collected 88 and 151 phreatic and confined water samples, respectively, which were analyzed for 13 water quality indicators using statistical and graphical methods. In order to investigate the impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality and health risks, the improved combined weighted water quality index (ICWQI) based on the entropy weight, criteria importance though inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC), the coefficient of difference method, subjective weight based on quality grading criteria, and the water quality index (WQI) were proposed to evaluate the water quality of the study area. Meanwhile, the human health risk assessment (HHRA) model was used to assess the risks of nitrate to the health of humans in different ages and sex categories. The results indicated that the groundwater in the study area was weakly alkaline and the main hydrochemical types in the phreatic and confined water were HCO·Ca-Mg and HCO-Na. Rock weathering was the dominant process responsible for the generation of groundwater ions, the ions in groundwater primarily originate from the dissolution of halite, gypsum, and feldspar, while dolomitization promotes an increase in Mg. Human activities lead to an increase in NO in groundwater and have an impact on water quality and human health risks. The ICWQI method was found to yield more precise and rational assessments of water quality. Groundwater quality is primarily affected by nitrate ions. The areas in which groundwater nitrate posed a higher risk to human health were found to be mainly in the saline-alkali lands of Qian'an, Tongyu, and Zhenlai. Fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock farming activities contribute to the pollution of surface water. This surface contamination then infiltrates abandoned confined wells, leading to contamination of the confined aquifers. This study can improve the understanding of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and the impact of human activities on groundwater in the study area. This study can also contribute to the study of groundwater in semi-arid regions.
地下水对人类的生存和发展至关重要，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区。本研究旨在分析中国西北部吉林省西部半干旱平原地下水的水文地球化学特征、影响因素以及人类活动对地下水的影响。本研究分别采集了 88 个和 151 个潜水和承压水样品，采用统计和图形方法对 13 项水质指标进行了分析。为了研究人为活动对水质和健康风险的影响，提出了基于熵权、准则重要性系数通过相互关系（CRITIC）、差异系数法、基于质量分级标准的主观权重和水质指数（WQI）的改进综合加权水质指数（ICWQI）来评价研究区的水质。同时，采用人类健康风险评估（HHRA）模型评估不同年龄和性别人群硝酸盐对健康的风险。结果表明，研究区地下水呈弱碱性，潜水和承压水中主要的水文地球化学类型为 HCO·Ca-Mg 和 HCO-Na。岩石风化是地下水离子产生的主要过程，地下水离子主要来源于岩盐、石膏和长石的溶解，而白云石化作用促进了 Mg 的增加。人类活动导致地下水中 NO 的增加，对水质和人类健康风险产生影响。ICWQI 方法对水质的评估更为准确和合理。地下水质量主要受硝酸盐离子的影响。研究发现，地下水硝酸盐对人类健康构成较高风险的区域主要集中在乾安、通榆和镇赉的盐碱地。化肥、农药和畜牧业活动导致地表水受到污染。这种地表污染随后渗透到废弃的承压井中，导致承压含水层受到污染。本研究可以提高对研究区地下水水文地球化学特征和人类活动对地下水影响的认识。本研究还可以为半干旱地区地下水研究做出贡献。
