Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo, 454100, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Aug 21;46(10):370. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02155-4.
The emergence of large-scale time-series data and advancements in computational power have opened new avenues for analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater chemistry, water quality, and human health risks. This paper utilizes hydrogeochemical methods to elucidate the controlling factors of water chemical components based on the test results of 124 groundwater samples collected from 31 monitoring wells in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, China, from 2018 to 2021. By integrating the Random Forest and Enhanced Water Quality Index methods for water quality assessment and employing the Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) model to analyze human health risks, our findings indicate that the groundwater is mildly alkaline, with SO·Cl-Ca·Mg and HCO-Ca·Mg as the dominant hydrochemical types, primarily derived from the dissolution of carbonate and silicate minerals such as dolomite, limestone, and andesite, and cation exchange reactions. The EI_RF water quality evaluation model reveals that the overall water quality in the study area is poor, with Class I and II water quality zones mainly located in the northeastern and central parts of the study area, showing a gradual transition from Class I and II in the northeast to Classes IV and V in the southwest, significantly influenced by NO, TH, TDS, and SO. The HHRA model results indicate that the potential non-carcinogenic risk of groundwater nitrates has a severe impact on infants, with the spatial distribution being low in the northeast and high in the southwest. Due to industrial activities, agricultural practices, and population growth, certain areas in developing countries such as China and India exhibit nitrate concentrations significantly higher than those in most international regions, highlighting global environmental and public health challenges. This underscores the importance of enhancing groundwater monitoring and implementing measures to mitigate pollution. These research outcomes hold significant implications for the government in formulating rational protection and management measures to ensure the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.
大规模时间序列数据的出现和计算能力的提高为分析地下水化学、水质和人类健康风险的时空演变开辟了新途径。本文利用水地球化学方法，根据 2018 年至 2021 年期间从中国辽宁省阜新市 31 口监测井采集的 124 个地下水样本的测试结果，阐明了水化学成分的控制因素。通过整合随机森林和增强水质指数方法进行水质评估，并采用人类健康风险评估 (HHRA) 模型分析人类健康风险，我们的研究结果表明，地下水呈弱碱性，SO·Cl-Ca·Mg 和 HCO-Ca·Mg 为主要水化学类型，主要来源于方解石、石灰岩和安山岩等碳酸盐和硅酸盐矿物的溶解以及阳离子交换反应。EI_RF 水质评价模型表明，研究区整体水质较差，I 类和 II 类水质区主要分布在研究区的东北部和中部，从东北的 I 类和 II 类向西南的 IV 类和 V 类逐渐过渡，NO、TH、TDS 和 SO 对其影响显著。HHRA 模型结果表明，地下水硝酸盐的潜在非致癌风险对婴儿有严重影响，其空间分布在东北部较低，西南部较高。由于工业活动、农业实践和人口增长，中国和印度等发展中国家的某些地区硝酸盐浓度明显高于大多数国际地区，这突显了全球环境和公共卫生方面的挑战。这强调了加强地下水监测和实施污染缓解措施的重要性。这些研究结果对于政府制定合理的保护和管理措施，确保地下水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。
