Cadoret R J, Troughton E, O'Gorman T W, Heywood E
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Dec;43(12):1131-6. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120017004.
In a sample of 242 male and 201 female adoptees who had been separated at birth from biologic parents, adult adoptee diagnoses of alcohol abuse, drug abuse and antisocial personality were correlated with biologic and environmental factors. Three etiologic relationships with drug abuse were found: drug abuse was highly correlated with antisocial personality, which in turn was predicted from antisocial biologic background; a biologic background of alcohol problems predicted increased drug abuse in adoptees who did not have antisocial personalities; and environmental factors of divorce and psychiatric disturbance in the adoptive family were associated with increased drug abuse.
在一个由242名男性和201名女性被收养者组成的样本中，这些人在出生时就与亲生父母分离，成年被收养者的酒精滥用、药物滥用和反社会人格诊断与生物因素和环境因素相关。发现了与药物滥用的三种病因关系：药物滥用与反社会人格高度相关，而反社会人格又由反社会生物背景预测得出；酒精问题的生物背景预测了没有反社会人格的被收养者药物滥用的增加；收养家庭中的离婚和精神障碍等环境因素与药物滥用的增加有关。
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