Department of Public Health.
Expert by lived experience, University of Helsinki.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 1;36(6):438-442. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000896. Epub 2023 Aug 29.
There is considerable overlap between the features of avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and autism. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of studies published on ARFID and autism in 2022 and the first half of 2023.
ARFID and autism are highly heritable conditions that often co-occur. In a large autism cohort, 21% of participants and 17% of their parents presented with avoidant-restrictive features. Of children diagnosed with ARFID, 8.2-54.8% are autistic. More than half of individuals with ARFID also have other neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, or somatic diagnoses. Anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and learning difficulties are particularly common co-occurring issues. Various strategies have been developed to support autistic children with feeding difficulties. It appears that their feeding difficulties, particularly sensory sensitivities, food preferences, and mealtime rituals and routines frequently persist into adolescence and adulthood, but research on optimal support for adults and adolescents is still scarce. Untreated ARFID in autistic individuals may lead to serious complications.
Individuals seeking specialist care for autism, eating disorders, or gender dysphoria should be screened for ARFID. More research is needed on how to support autistic adolescents and adults with features of ARFID.
避免限制型食物摄入障碍（ARFID）和自闭症有很多共同特征。本综述旨在概述 2022 年和 2023 年上半年发表的关于 ARFID 和自闭症的研究。
ARFID 和自闭症是高度遗传的疾病，常同时发生。在一个大型自闭症队列中，21%的参与者及其 17%的父母表现出回避限制特征。在被诊断为 ARFID 的儿童中，8.2-54.8%是自闭症患者。超过一半的 ARFID 患者还伴有其他神经发育、精神或躯体疾病诊断。焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍和学习困难是特别常见的共病问题。已经开发出各种策略来支持有喂养困难的自闭症儿童。他们的喂养困难，特别是感官敏感性、食物偏好、用餐仪式和常规，似乎经常持续到青少年和成年期，但针对成年人和青少年的最佳支持的研究仍然很少。自闭症患者未经治疗的 ARFID 可能会导致严重并发症。
寻求自闭症、饮食障碍或性别认同障碍专家治疗的人应接受 ARFID 筛查。需要更多研究来支持有 ARFID 特征的自闭症青少年和成年人。
