reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/@MartaPrera.
reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Dec;83:102115. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102115. Epub 2023 Sep 30.
The primitive endoderm (PrE, also named hypoblast), a predominantly extraembryonic epithelium that arises from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mammalian pre-implantation blastocyst, plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, giving rise to the yolk sac, establishing the anterior-posterior axis and contributing to the gut. PrE is specified from the ICM at the same time as the epiblast (Epi) that will form the embryo proper. While in vitro cell lines resembling the pluripotent Epi have been derived from a variety of conditions, only one model system currently exists for the PrE, naïve extraembryonic endoderm (nEnd). As a result, considerably more is known about the gene regulatory networks and signalling requirements of pluripotent stem cells than nEnd. In this review, we describe the ontogeny and differentiation of the PrE or hypoblast in mouse and primate and then discuss in vitro cell culture models for different extraembryonic endodermal cell types.
原始内胚层（PrE，也称为下胚层）是一种主要来源于哺乳动物植入前囊胚内细胞团（ICM）的胚外上皮，在胚胎发育中起着至关重要的作用，它产生卵黄囊、建立前-后轴并有助于肠道的形成。PrE 与将要形成胚胎的外胚层（Epi）同时从 ICM 中特化而来。虽然已经从多种条件下衍生出了类似于多能性 Epi 的体外细胞系，但目前只有一个原始的胚外内胚层（nEnd）模型系统存在于 PrE。因此，人们对多能干细胞的基因调控网络和信号要求的了解要远远超过 nEnd。在这篇综述中，我们描述了小鼠和灵长类动物 PrE 或下胚层的发生和分化，然后讨论了不同胚外内胚层细胞类型的体外细胞培养模型。
