Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy.
BMC Vet Res. 2023 Oct 2;19(1):183. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03727-9.
Nowadays there is a worldwide consensus on the importance of conducting wildlife disease surveillance. Indeed, 60% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature, and the majority of these (71.8%) originate in wildlife. Surveillance of wildlife diseases is crucial to prevent negative effects on human and animal health. Data digitization and sharing are among the main goals for the present and coming years. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are increasingly used to analyze the geographical distribution of diseases and the relationships between pathogenic factors and their geographic environments.
Wild animal's samples collected in the Abruzzo and Molise regions and delivered to our laboratory are entered in our Laboratory Information System and processed to be displayed through the Web-GIS mash-up presented in this paper. We built it using both open source and proprietary solutions, to produce data driven interactive maps, charts and tables to help to understand the epidemiology of wild animal diseases, their spread and trend.
Since 2013, 9.606 samples collected from wild animals have been analyzed in the laboratories of the IZS-Teramo and have been recorded in the system, facilitating the reporting to the judicial authorities and the identification of highly risky areas to set up control and repression measures. Moreover, thanks to the monitoring health protocol, a canine distemper epidemic in wolves has been detected and monitored in its temporal and spatial evolution, as well as cases of bovine tuberculosis in wild boars.
While it is more evident that the starting point is to choose the right sampling method, it is for sure less obvious that the information system in which data is stored is equally important. In fact, it should give the possibility to consult it in an easy and instructive way. GIS allows immediately grasping the spatial relationships between the data itself and those between the data and the territory; it is an important tool to support veterinary services in managing epidemic and non-epidemic emergencies and performing epidemiological investigations, but also to examine control plans and identify new gaps and challenges.
如今，全球范围内普遍认识到开展野生动物疾病监测的重要性。事实上，60%的新发传染病具有动物源性病原体，其中大多数（71.8%）源自野生动物。对野生动物疾病的监测对于预防人类和动物健康的负面影响至关重要。数据的数字化和共享是当前和未来几年的主要目标之一。地理信息系统（GIS）越来越多地用于分析疾病的地理分布以及病原体因素与其地理环境之间的关系。
在阿布鲁佐和莫利塞地区采集的野生动物样本被送到我们的实验室，然后输入到我们的实验室信息系统中，并通过本文介绍的 Web-GIS 混搭进行处理，以显示出来。我们使用开源和专有解决方案构建了这个系统，以生成数据驱动的交互式地图、图表和表格，帮助理解野生动物疾病的流行病学、传播和趋势。
自 2013 年以来，在 IZS-Teramo 的实验室中分析了 9606 个来自野生动物的样本，并在系统中进行了记录，这有助于向司法当局报告，并确定高风险区域，以制定控制和镇压措施。此外，通过监测健康协议，我们检测并监测了狼犬瘟热的流行及其时空演变，以及野猪中的牛结核病病例。
虽然选择正确的采样方法显然更为重要，但存储数据的信息系统同样重要，这一点并不那么明显。事实上，它应该提供一种简单而直观的方式来查询数据。GIS 可以立即掌握数据本身之间以及数据与领土之间的空间关系；它是支持兽医服务管理流行和非流行紧急情况以及进行流行病学调查的重要工具，还可以检查控制计划，发现新的差距和挑战。
