Jacobi G, Ritz A, Emrich R
Acta Paediatr Hung. 1986;27(3):173-87.
A report is given on transient and permanent (6 months) impairment of cranial nerves after paediatric head injuries (N: 741). There is a link between severity of the injury, fractures on the base of the skull, its foramina and channels, and the frequency of cranial nerve involvement. One should try to establish whether a posttraumatic dysfunction of the cranial nerves is primary or secondary in nature, i.e. due to raised intracranial pressure or haemorrhage. In children after head injuries often the cranial nerves of the oculomotor system are affected (20.2%/7.0%)--transient (permanent), followed by optic atrophy (4.88%), lesion of the trigeminal nerve (4.2%/2.2%), and the facial nerve lower motor type (4.1%/1.7%). Loss of hearing (3.3%/1.2%) and of smell (3.2%/1.2%) are less frequent in children than in adults.
本文报告了小儿头部损伤（N = 741）后颅神经的短暂性和永久性（6个月）损伤情况。损伤的严重程度、颅底骨折及其孔道与颅神经受累频率之间存在关联。应设法确定创伤后颅神经功能障碍是原发性还是继发性的，即是否由于颅内压升高或出血所致。小儿头部损伤后，动眼神经系统的颅神经常受影响（20.2%/7.0%）——短暂性（永久性），其次是视神经萎缩（4.88%）、三叉神经损伤（4.2%/2.2%）以及面神经下运动神经元型损伤（4.1%/1.7%）。儿童听力丧失（3.3%/1.2%）和嗅觉丧失（3.2%/1.2%）的发生率低于成人。
