Schriever Valentin A, Mori Eri, Petters Wenke, Boerner Carolin, Smitka Martin, Hummel Thomas
Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 30;9(6):e101086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101086. eCollection 2014.
Tools for measuring olfactory function in adults have been well established. Although studies have shown that olfactory impairment in children may occur as a consequence of a number of diseases or head trauma, until today no consensus on how to evaluate the sense of smell in children exists in Europe. Aim of the study was to develop a modified "Sniffin' Sticks" odor identification test, the "Sniffin' Kids" test for the use in children. In this study 537 children between 6-17 years of age were included. Fourteen odors, which were identified at a high rate by children, were selected from the "Sniffin' Sticks" 16-item odor identification test. Normative date for the 14-item "Sniffin' Kids" odor identification test was obtained. The test was validated by including a group of congenital anosmic children. Results show that the "Sniffin' Kids" test is able to discriminate between normosmia and anosmia with a cutoff value of >7 points on the odor identification test. In addition the test-retest reliability was investigated in a group of 31 healthy children and shown to be ρ = 0.44. With the 14-item odor identification "Sniffin' Kids" test we present a valid and reliable test for measuring olfactory function in children between ages 6-17 years.
测量成人嗅觉功能的工具已经相当成熟。尽管研究表明，儿童嗅觉障碍可能是多种疾病或头部外伤的结果，但直到今天，欧洲对于如何评估儿童嗅觉仍未达成共识。本研究的目的是开发一种改良版的“嗅觉棒”气味识别测试，即用于儿童的“儿童嗅觉测试”。本研究纳入了537名6至17岁的儿童。从“嗅觉棒”16项气味识别测试中选取了14种儿童识别率较高的气味。获得了14项“儿童嗅觉测试”气味识别测试的常模数据。通过纳入一组先天性嗅觉缺失儿童对该测试进行了验证。结果表明，“儿童嗅觉测试”能够以气味识别测试得分大于7分为临界值，区分嗅觉正常和嗅觉缺失。此外，在一组31名健康儿童中对测试 - 再测试信度进行了研究，结果显示为ρ = 0.44。通过14项气味识别“儿童嗅觉测试”，我们提供了一种有效且可靠的测试方法，用于测量6至17岁儿童的嗅觉功能。
