Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Behav Genet. 2024 Jan;54(1):101-118. doi: 10.1007/s10519-023-10155-w. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
This study examined the independent and interactive effects of alcohol use disorder genome-wide polygenic scores (AUD-PGS) and parenting and family conflict on early adolescent externalizing behaviors. Data were drawn from White (N = 6181, 46.9% female), Black/African American (N = 1784, 50.1% female), and Hispanic/Latinx (N = 2410, 48.0% female) youth from the adolescent brain cognitive development Study (ABCD). Parents reported on youth externalizing behaviors at baseline (T1, age 9/10), 1-year (T2, age 10/11) and 2-year (T3, age 11/12) assessments. Youth reported on parenting and family environment at T1 and provided saliva or blood samples for genotyping. Results from latent growth models indicated that in general externalizing behaviors decreased from T1 to T3. Across all groups, higher family conflict was associated with more externalizing behaviors at T1, and we did not find significant associations between parental monitoring and early adolescent externalizing behaviors. Parental acceptance was associated with lower externalizing behaviors among White and Hispanic youth, but not among Black youth. Results indicated no significant main effect of AUD-PGS nor interaction effect between AUD-PGS and family variables on early adolescent externalizing behaviors. Post hoc exploratory analysis uncovered an interaction between AUD-PGS and parental acceptance such that AUD-PGS was positively associated with externalizing rule-breaking behaviors among Hispanic youth, but only when parental acceptance was very low. Findings highlight the important role of family conflict and parental acceptance in externalizing behaviors among early adolescents, and emphasize the need to examine other developmental pathways underlying genetic risk for AUD across diverse populations.
本研究考察了酒精使用障碍全基因组多基因评分（AUD-PGS）以及养育和家庭冲突对青少年外化行为的独立和交互影响。数据来自青少年大脑认知发展研究（ABCD）中的白人（N=6181，46.9%为女性）、黑人和非裔美国人（N=1784，50.1%为女性）和西班牙裔/拉丁裔（N=2410，48.0%为女性）青少年。父母在基线（T1，年龄 9/10 岁）、1 年（T2，年龄 10/11 岁）和 2 年（T3，年龄 11/12 岁）评估时报告青少年的外化行为。青少年在 T1 时报告养育和家庭环境，并提供唾液或血液样本进行基因分型。潜在增长模型的结果表明，总体而言，外化行为从 T1 到 T3 呈下降趋势。在所有群体中，较高的家庭冲突与 T1 时更多的外化行为相关，我们没有发现父母监督与青少年早期外化行为之间的显著关联。父母接纳与白人和西班牙裔青少年的外化行为呈负相关，但与黑人群体的外化行为无关。结果表明，AUD-PGS 没有显著的主要效应，也没有 AUD-PGS 与家庭变量之间的交互效应，对青少年早期的外化行为有影响。事后探索性分析发现 AUD-PGS 和父母接纳之间存在交互作用，即 AUD-PGS 与西班牙裔青少年的违反规则的外化行为呈正相关，但仅在父母接纳非常低的情况下才如此。研究结果突出了家庭冲突和父母接纳在青少年外化行为中的重要作用，并强调需要在不同人群中研究其他潜在的遗传风险发育途径。
