Felicicchia Riley J, Hyland Matthew T, Roesch Scott C, Mattson Sarah N
Center for Behavioral Teratology and Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2025 Apr;49(4):771-782. doi: 10.1111/acer.70016. Epub 2025 Mar 11.
Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may face unique family environments that potentially influence adaptive functioning and behavioral challenges. This study aimed to identify profiles of families of children with PAE based on family characteristics, including cohesion, conflict, and organization, and to examine the relationship between family environment profiles and child outcomes.
Data were collected from caregivers of 283 youth (5-17 years) with histories of PAE. Caregivers completed several questionnaires, including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), and Family Environment Scale (FES). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify profiles in the family environment using three subscales from the FES (Cohesion, Conflict, and Organization). Model fit was determined by comparing 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-profile solutions. One-way ANCOVA follow-up tests were conducted to explore differences in adaptive and behavioral functioning across family environment profiles.
The 4-profile solution was considered the best fit for the data. Interpretation of conditional response probabilities indicated that Profile 1 was defined by low cohesion; Profile 2 was defined by low organization; Profile 3 was defined as high cohesion and organization; and Profile 4 was defined as high conflict. After controlling for race, sex, age, and ethnicity, there were significant profile differences on the Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problem Behavior scales of the CBCL. There were no significant differences in adaptive functioning across profiles.
The results of this study highlight the importance of the family environment in understanding the strengths and challenges experienced by children with PAE. Four unique profiles of family environments emerged in families of children with PAE. The high-conflict profile was associated with increased behavioral problems in children. These findings can be used to support families of children with PAE and to identify treatment targets for interventions for children with PAE and their caregivers.
产前酒精暴露（PAE）个体可能面临独特的家庭环境，这可能会影响其适应性功能和行为挑战。本研究旨在根据家庭特征（包括凝聚力、冲突和组织性）确定PAE儿童家庭的类型，并检验家庭环境类型与儿童结局之间的关系。
收集了283名有PAE病史的青少年（5 - 17岁）的照顾者的数据。照顾者完成了几份问卷，包括儿童行为清单（CBCL）、文兰适应行为量表（VABS）和家庭环境量表（FES）。潜在剖面分析（LPA）用于使用FES的三个分量表（凝聚力、冲突和组织性）确定家庭环境中的类型。通过比较1、2、3、4和5剖面解决方案来确定模型拟合度。进行单因素协方差分析后续检验，以探讨不同家庭环境类型在适应性和行为功能方面的差异。
4剖面解决方案被认为最适合数据。对条件反应概率的解释表明，剖面1的定义是低凝聚力；剖面2的定义是低组织性；剖面3的定义是高凝聚力和高组织性；剖面4的定义是高冲突。在控制了种族、性别、年龄和族裔后，CBCL的内化、外化和总问题行为量表上存在显著的类型差异。不同类型在适应性功能方面没有显著差异。
本研究结果凸显了家庭环境在理解PAE儿童所经历的优势和挑战方面的重要性。PAE儿童家庭中出现了四种独特的家庭环境类型。高冲突类型与儿童行为问题增加有关。这些发现可用于支持PAE儿童家庭，并确定针对PAE儿童及其照顾者的干预治疗目标。
