School of Resources & Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, 330031, Jiangxi Province, China.
Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov;30(51):110562-110578. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30212-5. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
Understanding the response mechanism of ecosystem services (ES) to landscape patterns is important in regional landscape planning and sustainable development. In this study, the landscape index and InVEST model were used to quantitatively analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of landscape patterns and ES in the Ganjiang River Basin of China from 1990 to 2020. Furthermore, the bivariate Moran's I method and spatial error model were used to test the spatial correlation between landscape index and ES. The results showed that (1) cropland decreased and construction land increased, and the overall landscape tended to be fragmented, the patch shape complicated, and landscape diversity increased from 1990 to 2020. Water conservation (WC) and soil conservation (SC) capacity increased by 10.56 mm and 16.24 t hm a, respectively, whereas carbon storage (CS) decreased by 1.22 t hm a. (2) The responses of different typical ES to landscape patterns were different in the landscape index and response degree. Typical ES negatively responded to Shannon's diversity index and patch density. WC was sensitive to the Splitting Index, whereas SC and CS were more responsive to the average patch area. (3) The overall purpose of territorial spatial planning within a basin should be to reduce the fragmentation and heterogeneity of the landscape. According to four local aggregation patterns of landscape index and ES, corresponding measures can be taken according to local conditions in different regions. These results can provide a quantitative basis for landscape management and ecological construction in the Ganjiang River Basin and scientific guidance for the Yangtze River conservation strategy.
理解生态系统服务（ES）对景观格局的响应机制对于区域景观规划和可持续发展至关重要。本研究采用景观指数和 InVEST 模型，定量分析了 1990 年至 2020 年中国赣江流域景观格局和 ES 的时空演变，并利用双变量 Moran's I 方法和空间误差模型检验了景观指数与 ES 之间的空间相关性。结果表明：（1）耕地减少，建设用地增加，整体景观趋于破碎化，斑块形状复杂化，景观多样性增加；1990 年至 2020 年，水源涵养（WC）和土壤保持（SC）能力分别增加了 10.56 mm 和 16.24 t hm a，而碳储量（CS）减少了 1.22 t hm a。（2）不同典型 ES 对景观格局的响应在景观指数和响应程度上存在差异。典型 ES 对 Shannon 多样性指数和斑块密度呈负响应。WC 对分离指数敏感，而 SC 和 CS 对平均斑块面积更敏感。（3）流域内国土空间规划的总体目标应是减少景观的破碎化和异质性。根据景观指数和 ES 的四种局部聚集模式，可以根据不同地区的具体情况采取相应的措施。这些结果可为赣江流域景观管理和生态建设提供定量依据，为长江保护战略提供科学指导。
