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冰岛北极狐对海洋和陆地生态系统变化的长期响应。

Long-term responses of Icelandic Arctic foxes to changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

机构信息

Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Department of Zoology, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavik, Iceland.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2023 Oct 4;18(10):e0282128. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282128. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

The long-term dynamics of predator populations may be driven by fluctuations in resource availability and reflect ecosystem changes such as those induced by climate change. The Icelandic Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) population has known major fluctuations in size since the 1950s. Using stable isotopes analysis of bone collagen over a long-time series (1979-2018), we aimed at identifying the main resources used by Icelandic Arctic foxes during periods of growth and decline to assess if the variations in their population size are linked to fluctuations in the availability of resources. We hypothesized that (1) the decline in Seabird abundance was responsible for the decrease in the fox population; and (2) that the growth in the fox population combined to fluctuations in main resources would lead to an increase in intra-specific competition, ultimately leading to variations in their isotopic niches at the population scale. The isotopic composition of Arctic fox bones differed clearly between inland and coast. Stable isotopes mixing models suggested that marine resources and rock ptarmigans were the most important food source and highlighted a rather stable diet in coastal habitats compared to inland habitats where more fluctuations in dietary composition were observed. Coastal foxes had a broader niche than inland foxes, and there was more variation in niche size in the inland habitat. Our results tend to confirm that a general decline in seabird populations drove the decline in Arctic foxes, especially in coastal habitats. For the inland foxes, our results suggest that the lack of marine resources might have led to an increased use of ptarmigans especially during the most recent period.

摘要

长期以来,捕食者种群的动态可能受资源可利用性的波动驱动,并反映出生态系统的变化,如气候变化引起的变化。自 20 世纪 50 年代以来,冰岛北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)的数量经历了明显的波动。本研究通过对骨骼胶原进行长时间序列(1979-2018 年)的稳定同位素分析,旨在确定冰岛北极狐在生长和衰退期使用的主要资源,以评估其种群大小的变化是否与资源可利用性的波动有关。我们假设:(1)海鸟数量的减少是导致狐狸数量减少的原因;(2)狐狸种群的增长加上主要资源的波动会导致种内竞争加剧,最终导致其在种群尺度上的同位素生态位发生变化。北极狐骨骼的稳定同位素组成在内陆和沿海地区之间有明显的差异。稳定同位素混合模型表明,海洋资源和岩雷鸟是最重要的食物来源,并突出了沿海栖息地相对稳定的饮食,而内陆栖息地的饮食组成波动更大。沿海地区的狐狸具有比内陆地区更广泛的生态位,内陆地区的生态位大小变化更大。我们的研究结果倾向于证实,海鸟种群的普遍减少导致了北极狐的减少,特别是在沿海栖息地。对于内陆地区的狐狸,我们的研究结果表明,缺乏海洋资源可能导致岩雷鸟的使用增加,尤其是在最近的时期。

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