Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Departamento de Nutrição Social, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2023 Sep 25;39Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e00085622. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XEN085622. eCollection 2023.
Malnutrition affects billions of individuals worldwide and represents a global health challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition or overweight) among mother-child dyads in children under 5 years old in Brazil in 2019 and to estimate changes in this prevalence from 2006 to 2019. Individual-level data from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) and the Brazilian National Survey of Demography and Health of Women and Children carried out in 2006 (PNDS 2006) were analyzed. Malnutrition outcomes in mother-child dyads included overweight mother and child, undernourished mother and child, and the double burden of malnutrition, i.e., overweight mother and child having any form of undernourishment (stunting, wasting, or underweight). Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Most women (58.2%) and 9.7% of the children were overweight, 6.9% were stunted, and 3.1% of mothers and 2.9% of the children were underweight. The prevalence of overweight in the mother-child dyad was 7.8% and was statistically higher in Southern Brazil (9.7%; 95%CI: 7.5; 11.9) than in the Central-West (5.4%; 95%CI: 4.3; 6.6). The prevalence of overweight mother and stunted child was 3.5%, with statistically significant difference between the extremes of the mother's education [0-7 vs. ≥ 12 years, 4.8% (95%CI: 3.2; 6.5) and 2.1%, (95%CI: 1.2; 3.0), respectively]. Overweight in the dyad increased from 5.2% to 7.8%, and the double burden of malnutrition increased from 2.7% to 5.2% since 2006. Malnutrition in Brazilian mother-child dyads seems to be a growing problem, and dyads with lower formal education, higher maternal age, and from the South Region of Brazil were more vulnerable.
营养不良影响着全球数十亿人，是全球健康面临的挑战之一。本研究旨在确定 2019 年巴西 5 岁以下母婴二人组中营养不良（营养不足或超重）的流行率，并估计 2006 年至 2019 年期间这一流行率的变化。本研究分析了来自巴西国家儿童营养调查（ENANI-2019）和 2006 年巴西人口与妇女儿童健康全国调查（PNDS 2006）的个体水平数据。母婴二人组中的营养不良结果包括超重母亲和超重儿童、营养不足的母亲和营养不足的儿童以及营养不良的双重负担，即超重母亲和任何形式营养不足（发育迟缓、消瘦或体重不足）的儿童。本研究估计了流行率和 95%置信区间（95%CI）。大多数妇女（58.2%）和 9.7%的儿童超重，6.9%发育迟缓，3.1%的母亲和 2.9%的儿童体重不足。母婴二人组超重的流行率为 7.8%，巴西南部（9.7%；95%CI：7.5；11.9）高于中西部（5.4%；95%CI：4.3；6.6），且差异具有统计学意义。超重母亲和发育迟缓儿童的比例为 3.5%，母亲教育程度不同（0-7 年 vs. ≥12 年），这一比例存在统计学差异[4.8%（95%CI：3.2；6.5）和 2.1%（95%CI：1.2；3.0）]。自 2006 年以来，母婴二人组超重的流行率从 5.2%上升到 7.8%，营养不良的双重负担从 2.7%上升到 5.2%。巴西母婴二人组的营养不良似乎是一个日益严重的问题，受教育程度较低、母亲年龄较高以及来自巴西南部地区的母婴二人组更易受到影响。
