Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Naple Federico II, Italy.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023 Nov;290:135-142. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.09.016. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is a common and invalidating condition in early pregnancy. However, no data are available on its prevalence in Italy. This survey aims to evaluate the prevalence and impact of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy on the quality of life of Italian women.
The survey was performed in three Italian public University Hospitals in two distinct periods: a first interview took place between the 18th and 22nd week of pregnancy, using the Questionnaire for Pregnancy Period (14 questions regarding demographic data and 30 questions about nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, including Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis questionnaire), and a follow-up interview, by telephone call, took place immediately after giving birth and in any case within 14 days of delivery, using the Questionnaire for Post-Pregnancy (9 questions). Included women were Caucasian, in physiological pregnancy and between the 18th and 22nd week (time of morphological ultrasound), able to communicate adequately with the interviewer, understand the questionnaires and able to provide valid informed consent. Twin pregnancies and women who recurred to medically assisted procreation were excluded. This is an interim report on data collected from 232 of the planned 600 women.
Mean age of the recruited subjects was 32.6 ± 4.6 years, with approximately 60% primiparous. The prevalence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy in the sample examined was 65.5% overall (152 out of 232 subjects). Of these 152 women, 63 (41.4%) experienced only nausea, 6 (3.9%) only vomiting, and 83 (54.6%) reported both. Symptoms were reported to begin at 7.2 ± 2.7 weeks, lasted 10.2 ± 5.6 weeks, and persisted at the time of the interview in 32.2% of cases. Overall, over 50% of the women interviewed experienced a negative impact of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy on social relationships and work activity.
A high prevalence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, 65.5% overall, was found in this interim analysis. These symptoms appeared capable of negatively influencing women quality of life. Screening procedures should be offered during pregnancy and measures that address nausea and vomiting in pregnancy impact warranted.
妊娠恶心和呕吐是妊娠早期常见且使人衰弱的病症。然而，意大利目前尚缺乏其流行情况的数据。本研究旨在评估意大利女性妊娠恶心和呕吐的发生率及其对生活质量的影响。
该研究在意大利三所公立大学医院进行，分为两个阶段：第一阶段在妊娠第 18-22 周进行访谈，使用妊娠期问卷（14 个问题，涉及人口统计学数据，30 个问题关于妊娠恶心和呕吐，包括妊娠特异性呕吐量化问卷）；第二阶段在产后立即通过电话进行随访，无论分娩后何时进行，均应在 14 天内完成，使用产后问卷（9 个问题）。纳入的女性为白种人、生理妊娠、处于第 18-22 周（形态超声检查时间）、能够与访谈者充分沟通、理解问卷且能够提供有效知情同意的女性。双胎妊娠和接受医学辅助生殖的女性被排除在外。这是对计划纳入的 600 名女性中的 232 名收集的数据的中期报告。
纳入研究的受试者平均年龄为 32.6±4.6 岁，约 60%为初产妇。在检查样本中，妊娠恶心和呕吐的总体发生率为 65.5%（232 名受试者中有 152 名）。其中，63 名（41.4%）女性仅出现恶心，6 名（3.9%）女性仅出现呕吐，83 名（54.6%）女性同时出现恶心和呕吐。症状于第 7.2±2.7 周开始出现，持续 10.2±5.6 周，在第 32.2%的情况下，在访谈时仍持续存在。总体而言，超过 50%的接受采访的女性报告妊娠恶心和呕吐对其社会关系和工作活动产生负面影响。
本中期分析发现，妊娠恶心和呕吐的总体发生率较高，为 65.5%。这些症状似乎会对女性的生活质量产生负面影响。应在妊娠期间提供筛查程序，并采取措施解决妊娠恶心和呕吐的影响。
