Rondanelli Mariangela, Perna Simone, Cattaneo Carlo, Gasparri Clara, Barrile Gaetan Claude, Moroni Alessia, Minonne Leonardo, Lazzarotti Alessandro, Mansueto Francesca, Mazzola Giuseppe
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Foods. 2025 Jan 23;14(3):373. doi: 10.3390/foods14030373.
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affect up to 85% of pregnant women and usually begin between the 4th and 7th weeks of gestation, and symptoms often peak around the 9th week and generally resolve by the 20th week in most cases, with severe cases termed hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) impacting physical and psychological health. This review aims to provide a structured dietary approach to managing NVP by developing a food pyramid specifically for this population, based on a systematic evaluation of dietary evidence. The findings highlight the beneficial effects of dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein sources in reducing NVP symptoms. Protein intake is shown to alleviate nausea and vomiting by stabilizing gastric motility and addressing nutritional deficiencies. The review also explores the potential benefits of herbal supplements, like ginger and vitamin B6. By integrating these dietary strategies with pharmacological treatments, a more holistic approach to managing NVP can be achieved, enhancing both maternal well-being and fetal health. The proposed food pyramid emphasizes glycemic stability, hydration, and gradual nutrient intake, offering a structured dietary guide for pregnant women experiencing NVP and HG.
孕期恶心和呕吐(NVP)影响多达85%的孕妇,通常在妊娠第4至7周开始,症状通常在第9周左右达到高峰,在大多数情况下一般在第20周缓解,严重病例称为妊娠剧吐(HG),会影响身心健康。本综述旨在通过专门为该人群制定食物金字塔,基于对饮食证据的系统评估,提供一种结构化的饮食方法来管理NVP。研究结果强调了富含水果、蔬菜和蛋白质来源的饮食模式在减轻NVP症状方面的有益作用。蛋白质摄入通过稳定胃动力和解决营养缺乏问题来减轻恶心和呕吐。该综述还探讨了草药补充剂(如生姜和维生素B6)的潜在益处。通过将这些饮食策略与药物治疗相结合,可以实现一种更全面的NVP管理方法,提高孕产妇幸福感和胎儿健康。提议的食物金字塔强调血糖稳定性、水合作用和逐渐摄入营养,为经历NVP和HG的孕妇提供了一份结构化的饮食指南。