Subahar Rizal, Huang Ayleen, Wijaya Rafaella Shiene, Nur Lia Savitri Eka, Susanto Lisawati, Firmansyah Nurhadi Eko, Yulhasri Yulhasri, El Bayani Gulshan Fahmi, Dwira Surya
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Parasitol Int. 2024 Feb;98:102813. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102813. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
Dengue fever is a worldwide public health problem, and efforts to eradicate it have focused on controlling the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. This study aims to assess the toxicity and effect of commercial eugenol and piperine on Ae. aegypti larvae through enzyme detoxification and histopathological changes in the midgut. Laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti larvae were treated with various concentrations of commercial eugenol and piperine and observed after 24, 48, and 72 h. Biochemical methods were used to assess detoxification enzyme activity for acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and oxidase, and changes in the midgut were examined using routine histological examination. In terms of larvicidal activity, piperine exceeded eugenol. Piperine and eugenol had LC and LC values of 3.057 and 5.543 μM, respectively, and 6.421 and 44.722 μM at 24 h. Piperine and eugenol reduced oxidase activity significantly (p < 0.05), but increased acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activity significantly (p < 0.05). After being exposed to piperine and eugenol, the food bolus and peritrophic membrane ruptured, the epithelial layer was interrupted and irregular, the epithelial cells shrank and formed irregularly, and the microvilli became irregular in shape. Commercial piperine and eugenol behave as potential larvicides, with processes involving altered detoxifying enzymes, specifically decreased oxidase function and increased GST activity, as well as midgut histological abnormalities.
登革热是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，根除登革热的努力主要集中在控制登革热传播媒介埃及伊蚊上。本研究旨在通过酶解毒作用和中肠组织病理学变化，评估市售丁香酚和胡椒碱对埃及伊蚊幼虫的毒性和影响。用实验室饲养的埃及伊蚊幼虫，分别用不同浓度的市售丁香酚和胡椒碱进行处理，并在24、48和72小时后进行观察。采用生化方法评估乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽S -转移酶和氧化酶的解毒酶活性，并通过常规组织学检查观察中肠的变化。在杀幼虫活性方面，胡椒碱优于丁香酚。胡椒碱和丁香酚在24小时时的LC 和LC值分别为3.057和5.543 μM，以及6.421和44.722 μM。胡椒碱和丁香酚显著降低了氧化酶活性（p < 0.05），但显著提高了乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽S -转移酶活性（p < 0.05）。暴露于胡椒碱和丁香酚后，食物团和围食膜破裂，上皮层中断且不规则，上皮细胞收缩并形成不规则形状，微绒毛形状也变得不规则。市售胡椒碱和丁香酚表现出潜在的杀幼虫剂特性，其作用过程涉及解毒酶的改变，特别是氧化酶功能降低和谷胱甘肽S -转移酶活性增加，以及中肠组织学异常。
