State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Dec 1;338:122675. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122675. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
Deficiencies of selenium (Se), a necessary microelement for humans, can be remedied by appropriately supplying Se-enriched rice. However, overconsumption of Se-enriched rice poses a potential risk. To accurately assess Se human health risks associated with Se-enriched rice consumption, we developed a rat in vivo model to systematically explore the relative bioavailability of Se (Se-RBA) from Se-enriched rice from a wide geographic range. Se concentrations were in the range of 0.06 ± 0.05 to 0.15 ± 0.15 mg kg, averaging 0.12 ± 0.11 mg kg, in 196 rice samples from 21 Chinese provinces, and selenomethionine (SeMet) was the dominant Se fraction (58.0-96.5%). The Se-RBA of Se-enriched rice calculated from urine ranged from 34.86% to 102.29%, averaging 62.27% (n = 12), and was positively correlated with the proportion of SeMet in rice (p < 0.05, R = 0.51). Furthermore, the Se intake calculated based on the Se-RBA indicated that the Se intake of consumers of Se-enriched rice was far less than the tolerable upper intake level. Thus, the limits established by law assume overestimates of the actual nutritional value of the Se content in Se-enriched rice, and it is important to consider Se bioavailability. The current study offers suggestions for future research and provides methods to reduce the uncertainty in estimating the health risks associated with Se intake from rice.
硒（Se）是人体必需的微量元素，缺乏硒可以通过适当补充富硒大米来纠正。然而，过量食用富硒大米可能会带来潜在风险。为了准确评估富硒大米消费与人体健康风险之间的关系，我们建立了大鼠体内模型，从大范围地理区域的角度系统地探索了富硒大米中硒的相对生物利用率（Se-RBA）。196 个来自中国 21 个省份的大米样本中，硒浓度范围为 0.06±0.05 至 0.15±0.15mg/kg，平均值为 0.12±0.11mg/kg，其中硒代蛋氨酸（SeMet）是主要的硒形态（58.0-96.5%）。根据尿液计算的富硒大米 Se-RBA 范围为 34.86%至 102.29%，平均值为 62.27%（n=12），并与大米中 SeMet 比例呈正相关（p<0.05，R=0.51）。此外，基于 Se-RBA 计算的硒摄入量表明，富硒大米消费者的硒摄入量远低于可耐受最高摄入量。因此，法律规定的限量可能高估了富硒大米中硒含量的实际营养价值，需要考虑硒的生物利用度。本研究为未来研究提供了建议，并为降低估计与大米硒摄入相关的健康风险的不确定性提供了方法。
