Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
Brain Res. 2023 Dec 15;1821:148611. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148611. Epub 2023 Oct 2.
Diabetes mellitus is a globally significant disease that can lead to systemic complications, particularly vascular damage, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of relevance. The physiological changes resulting from the imbalance in blood glucose levels play a crucial role in initiating vascular endothelial damage. Elevated glucose levels can also penetrate the central nervous system, triggering diabetic encephalopathy characterized by oxidative damage to brain components and activation of alternative and neurotoxic pathways. This brain damage increases the risk of ischemic stroke, a leading cause of mortality worldwide and a major cause of disability among surviving patients. The aim of this review is to highlight important pathways related to hyperglycemic damage that extend to the brain and result in vascular dysfunction, ultimately leading to the occurrence of a stroke. Understanding how diabetes mellitus contributes to the development of ischemic stroke and its impact on patient outcomes is crucial for implementing therapeutic strategies that reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus and its complications, ultimately decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.
糖尿病是一种全球性的重要疾病，可导致全身并发症，特别是血管损伤，包括相关的心血管和脑血管疾病。血糖水平失衡导致的生理变化在启动血管内皮损伤方面起着关键作用。升高的血糖水平也可以穿透中枢神经系统，引发糖尿病性脑病，其特征是大脑成分的氧化损伤和替代和神经毒性途径的激活。这种脑损伤增加了缺血性中风的风险，缺血性中风是全球范围内的主要死亡原因之一，也是幸存患者致残的主要原因。本综述的目的是强调与高血糖损伤相关的重要途径，这些途径扩展到大脑并导致血管功能障碍，最终导致中风的发生。了解糖尿病如何导致缺血性中风的发生及其对患者预后的影响对于实施减少糖尿病发病率和并发症的治疗策略至关重要，从而降低与该疾病相关的发病率和死亡率。
