Deptola Stephen, Hemmann Brianna, Hemmelgarn Trina, DiPaola Kyle, Cortezzo DonnaMaria E
Division of Pharmacy (SD, BH, TH, KD), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology (DEC), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2023;28(4):354-364. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-28.4.354. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Medically complex infants are experiencing longer hospital stays, more invasive procedures, and increasingly involved therapeutic interventions that often require long-term analgesia and sedation. This is most commonly achieved with continuous intravenous infusions of opioids and benzodiazepines. There are times when patients develop a tolerance for these medications or the clinical scenario necessitates a rapid wean of them. A rapid wean of either class of medication can lead to increased signs of pain and agitation or withdrawal symptoms. As a result, when a rapid wean is needed or there has been a failure to control symptoms with conventional measures, alternative therapies are considered. Propofol, a sedative hypnotic typically used for general anesthesia and procedural sedation, is one such medication. It has effectively been used for short-term sedation in adults and children to facilitate weaning benzodiazepines and opioids. There is a paucity of data on the use of propofol in infants for this purpose. Here we describe the use of propofol to rapidly wean high-dose sedation and analgesia medications, a propofol sedation washout, in 3 infants. The washouts proved to be safe and efficacious. Based on institutional experience and a literature review, considerations and recommendations are made for propofol sedation washouts in infants.
患有复杂疾病的婴儿住院时间更长,接受的侵入性操作更多,治疗干预也越来越复杂,这些干预通常需要长期镇痛和镇静。这最常见的实现方式是通过持续静脉输注阿片类药物和苯二氮䓬类药物。有时患者会对这些药物产生耐受性,或者临床情况需要快速停用这些药物。快速停用这两类药物中的任何一种都可能导致疼痛、躁动或戒断症状的迹象增加。因此,当需要快速撤药或常规措施无法控制症状时,就会考虑使用替代疗法。丙泊酚,一种通常用于全身麻醉和操作镇静的镇静催眠药,就是这样一种药物。它已有效地用于成人和儿童的短期镇静,以促进苯二氮䓬类药物和阿片类药物的撤药。关于丙泊酚用于此目的在婴儿中的使用数据很少。在此,我们描述了丙泊酚在3例婴儿中用于快速撤停高剂量镇静和镇痛药物(丙泊酚镇静洗脱)的情况。结果证明洗脱是安全有效的。基于机构经验和文献综述,对婴儿丙泊酚镇静洗脱提出了注意事项和建议。