Department of Psychology, New York University.
Dev Psychol. 2023 Nov;59(11):2094-2104. doi: 10.1037/dev0001644. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
By 4 years of age, White children from across the United States begin to exhibit an awareness of racial inequalities, along with in-group preferences for other White children. The present study explored how the size and racial diversity of White children's social network (e.g., friends, family, and classmates) and neighborhood (zip code) are related to variation in their explanations for racial disparities and anti-Black bias among a sample of 395 White children (ages = 4-11 years old; = 6.6 years) from 263 unique zip codes across the United States. White children in with low diversity were more likely to endorse an extrinsic explanation for racial inequality as their diversity increased, whereas network diversity did not relate to children's choices for those who lived in neighborhoods with high diversity. These findings held even after controlling for parents' beliefs about diversity, which were themselves positively correlated with children's network and neighborhood diversity. An exploratory analysis revealed that for White children in small networks only, as the number of children of color in their network increased, they were more likely to choose to play with a Black child. Results demonstrate how the diversity of children's social networks and neighborhoods relates to children's developing racial beliefs in contextually dependent ways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
到 4 岁时，来自美国各地的白人儿童开始表现出对种族不平等的认识，以及对其他白人儿童的群体偏好。本研究探讨了白人儿童的社交网络（如朋友、家人和同学）和邻里（邮政编码）的规模和种族多样性如何与他们对种族差异和反黑偏见的解释的变化相关，该研究样本包括来自美国 263 个独特邮政编码的 395 名白人儿童（年龄=4-11 岁；M=6.6 岁）。多样性较低的白人儿童随着多样性的增加，更有可能支持种族不平等的外在解释，而网络多样性与那些居住在多样性较高的社区的儿童的选择无关。即使在控制了父母对多样性的信念之后，这些发现仍然成立，而父母的信念本身与儿童的网络和邻里多样性呈正相关。一项探索性分析表明，对于网络规模较小的白人儿童来说，随着网络中有色人种儿童数量的增加，他们更有可能选择与黑人儿童一起玩耍。研究结果表明，儿童社交网络和邻里的多样性如何以依赖情境的方式与儿童不断发展的种族信仰相关。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
