Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
Water Systems and Global Change, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Oct 17;57(41):15571-15579. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04932. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
Airborne measurements offer an effective way to quantify urban emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, it may be challenging due to the requirement of high measurement precision and sufficiently enhanced signals. We developed a new active AirCore system based on the previous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) version, which is capable of sampling atmospheric air for several hours aboard a lightweight aircraft for postflight simultaneous and continuous measurements of NO, CH, CO, and CO. We performed 13 flights over the urban areas of Groningen, Utrecht, and Rotterdam and evaluated the aircraft-based AirCore measurements against in situ continuous CH measurements. One flight was selected for each of the three urban areas to quantify the emissions of NO and CH. Compared to the Dutch inventory, the estimated NO emissions (364 ± 143 kg h) from the Rotterdam area are ∼3 times larger, whereas those for Groningen (95 ± 90 kg h) and Utrecht (32 ± 16 kg h) are not significantly different. The estimated CH emissions for all three urban areas (Groningen: 2534 ± 1774 kg CH hr, Utrecht: 1440 ± 628 kg CH hr, and Rotterdam: 2419 ± 922 kg CH hr) are not significantly different from the Dutch inventory. The innovative aircraft-based active AirCore sampling system provides a robust means of high-precision and continuous measurements of multiple gas species, which is useful for quantifying GHG emissions from urban areas.
大气测量为量化城市温室气体（GHG）排放提供了一种有效的方法。然而，由于需要高精度的测量和足够增强的信号，这可能具有挑战性。我们开发了一种新的基于之前的无人机（UAV）版本的主动式 AirCore 系统，该系统能够在轻型飞机上进行数小时的大气采样，以便在飞行后对 NO、CH、CO 和 CO 进行同步和连续测量。我们在格罗宁根、乌得勒支和鹿特丹的城市地区进行了 13 次飞行，并将基于飞机的 AirCore 测量结果与现场连续 CH 测量结果进行了比较。为了量化三个城市地区的 NO 和 CH 排放，我们从每个城市地区中选择了一次飞行。与荷兰清单相比，鹿特丹地区的估计 NO 排放量（364±143 kg h）大了约 3 倍，而格罗宁根（95±90 kg h）和乌得勒支（32±16 kg h）的排放量则没有显著差异。三个城市地区（格罗宁根：2534±1774 kg CH hr、乌得勒支：1440±628 kg CH hr 和鹿特丹：2419±922 kg CH hr）的估计 CH 排放量与荷兰清单没有显著差异。基于飞机的主动式 AirCore 采样系统为多种气体物种的高精度和连续测量提供了一种可靠的手段，这对于量化城市地区的温室气体排放非常有用。
