Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
Health Administration Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 5;18(10):e0292302. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292302. eCollection 2023.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provides a unique opportunity studying individual differences in the trajectory of mental distress to relatively homogeneous stressors by longitudinally examining time-course changes between pandemic waves. For 21 months, we tested the effects of COVID-19 waves on mental health among 545 staffs at 18 hospitals treating COVID-19 patients in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Contrary to increasing new infected cases as waves progressed, initially elevated psychological distress (K6) and fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) were decreased among waves (K6: B = -.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -.03 to -.01; FCV-19S: B = -.10, 95% CI = -.16 to -.04). This initial increase and subsequent decrease in K6 and FCV-19S were more prominent in individuals with high trait anxiety (K6: B = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.91; FCV-19S: B = 4.27, 95% CI = 2.50 to 6.04) and in occupations other than physicians or nurses. The current study revealed time-course changes in psychological distress and fear regarding COVID-19 in each pandemic wave and across waves, and indicated the usefulness of trait anxiety and occupation as predictors of mental health outcomes.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行提供了一个独特的机会，可以通过纵向研究大流行波之间的时间进程变化，研究在相对同质的应激源下心理困扰轨迹的个体差异。在 21 个月的时间里，我们在日本静冈县的 18 家治疗 COVID-19 患者的医院中，对 545 名员工进行了 COVID-19 波对心理健康影响的测试。与随着波的进展而增加的新感染病例相反，最初心理困扰（K6）和对 COVID-19 的恐惧（FCV-19S）随着波的进展而降低（K6：B=-.02，95%置信区间[CI]=-.03 至-.01；FCV-19S：B=-.10，95%CI=-.16 至-.04）。这种 K6 和 FCV-19S 的最初增加和随后的减少在具有高特质焦虑的个体中更为明显（K6：B=1.55，95%CI=1.18 至 1.91；FCV-19S：B=4.27，95%CI=2.50 至 6.04）和医生或护士以外的职业。本研究揭示了 COVID-19 在每个大流行波中的心理困扰和恐惧的时间进程变化，以及特质焦虑和职业作为心理健康结果预测因素的有用性。
