Fan Linlin, Springfield Cassi, Klein Hans, Ackerman Robert A, Sasson Noah J, Pinkham Amy E
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States.
School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2023 Nov;261:194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.038. Epub 2023 Oct 3.
Some research suggests that schizotypal and autistic traits can produce opposing effects on the mentalizing domain of social cognition. Although such findings support a diametrical model proposing that psychotic and autistic traits represent opposite extremes of the social brain continuum, results from recent studies have been more inconsistent, and the applicability of this model to other social cognition domains remains unclear. To test the diametrical model more broadly, this study examined the interactions between schizotypal and autistic traits on emotion recognition and social functioning.
A total of 791 participants recruited from the general population self-reported schizotypal traits using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised (SPQ-BR) and autistic traits using the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ). Participants also completed the Emotion Recognition 40 task and the Specific Levels of Functioning (SLOF) scale.
The SPQ subscales of interpersonal relationships and disorganized symptoms interacted significantly with social BAP on overall emotion recognition performance and the accuracy of identifying neutral faces. Supporting the diametrical model, elevated levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits contributed to higher emotion recognition accuracy compared to elevations on only one trait. For social functioning, however, the diametrical model was not supported. A main effect was found such that higher interpersonal relationship difficulties on SPQ predicted lower work skills on SLOF, and higher levels of both schizotypal and autistic traits combined to produce even lower social functioning.
These findings suggest that the diametrical model may be more relevant to social cognition than to social functioning.
一些研究表明，分裂型人格特质和自闭症特质可能会对社会认知的心理理论领域产生相反的影响。尽管这些发现支持了一种二分模型，该模型提出精神病性特质和自闭症特质代表了社会大脑连续体的相反极端，但最近研究的结果却更加不一致，并且该模型在其他社会认知领域的适用性仍不明确。为了更广泛地检验二分模型，本研究考察了分裂型人格特质和自闭症特质在情绪识别和社会功能方面的相互作用。
从普通人群中招募了791名参与者，他们使用简版修订的分裂型人格问卷（SPQ-BR）自我报告分裂型人格特质，并使用广泛自闭症表型问卷（BAPQ）自我报告自闭症特质。参与者还完成了情绪识别40任务和特定功能水平（SLOF）量表。
人际关系和紊乱症状的SPQ分量表在整体情绪识别表现和识别中性面孔的准确性方面与社会BAP显著相互作用。支持二分模型的是，与仅一种特质水平升高相比，分裂型人格特质和自闭症特质水平的升高都有助于提高情绪识别准确性。然而，对于社会功能，二分模型未得到支持。发现了一个主效应，即SPQ上较高的人际关系困难预示着SLOF上较低的工作技能，并且分裂型人格特质和自闭症特质水平的升高共同导致更低的社会功能。
这些发现表明，二分模型可能与社会认知比与社会功能更相关。
