Bourdas Dimitrios I, Geladas Nickos D
Section of Sport Medicine & Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, 17237 Daphni, Greece.
Section of Sport Medicine & Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistasis 41, 17237 Daphni, Greece.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2024 Jan;319:104168. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104168. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
This study examined the effect of breath-hold (BH) training on apnoeic performance in novice BH divers (NBH:n = 10) and compared them with data from elite BH divers (EBH:n = 11). Both groups performed 5-maximal BHs (PRE). The NBH group repeated this protocol after two weeks of BH training (POST). The NBH group during BH efforts significantly increased red blood cell concentration (4.56 ± 0.16Mio/μl) by 5.06%, hemoglobin oxygen saturation steady state duration (110.32 ± 29.84 s) by 15.48%, and breath-hold time (BHT:144.19 ± 47.35 s) by 33.77%, primarily due to a 59.70% increase in struggle phase (71.85 ± 30.89 s), in POST. EBH group exhibited longer BHT (283.95 ± 36.93 s) and struggle-phase (150.10 ± 34.69 s) than NBH (POST). Elite divers recorded a higher peak MAP (153.18 ± 12.28 mmHg) compared to novices (PRE:123.70 ± 15.65 mmHg, POST:128.30 ± 19.16 mmHg), suggesting that a higher peak MAP is associated with a better BHT. The concurrent abrupt increase of diaphragmatic activity and MAP, seen only in the EBH group, suggests a potential interaction. Additionally, apnoea training increases red blood cells concentration in repeated apnoea efforts and increases BH stamina.
本研究考察了屏气（BH）训练对新手屏气潜水员（NBH：n = 10）屏气能力的影响，并将其与精英屏气潜水员（EBH：n = 11）的数据进行比较。两组均进行了5次最大屏气（PRE）。NBH组在进行两周的屏气训练后重复此方案（POST）。在屏气过程中，NBH组的红细胞浓度（4.56±0.16百万/微升）显著增加了5.06%，血红蛋白氧饱和度稳态持续时间（110.32±29.84秒）增加了15.48%，屏气时间（BHT：144.19±47.35秒）增加了33.77%，主要是由于挣扎阶段增加了59.70%（71.85±30.89秒），在POST阶段。EBH组的BHT（283.95±36.93秒）和挣扎阶段（150.10±34.69秒）比NBH组（POST）更长。与新手相比，精英潜水员记录到更高的峰值平均动脉压（MAP）（PRE：123.70±15.65毫米汞柱，POST：128.30±19.16毫米汞柱），这表明更高的峰值MAP与更好的BHT相关。仅在EBH组中观察到的膈肌活动和MAP的同时突然增加，提示存在潜在的相互作用。此外，屏气训练在重复屏气过程中会增加红细胞浓度，并提高屏气耐力。
