Walsh Jeremy, Ramsey James L, Guluzade Nasimi A, Faricier Robin, Keir Daniel A, Belfry Glen R
School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
Physiol Rep. 2025 Jun;13(12):e70437. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70437.
The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological effects of breath-holding during high-intensity exercise. Twenty participants (age: 23 ± 4 years, 10 females) performed 20 s sprints of simultaneous arm and leg ergometry exercise, under free-breathing (FB) and breath-holding (BH) conditions. Identical power outputs were sustained for both breathing conditions. Heart rate was significantly higher under the breath-holding condition during exercise (FB = 118 ± 12 bpm versus BH = 131 ± 14 bpm; p < 0.001) but lower for 5 min post-exercise (FB = 110 ± 16 bpm, BH = 102 ± 15 bpm, p = 0.003). Systolic blood pressure was higher under the breath-holding condition post-exercise (FB = 142 ± 18 mmHg, BH = 151 ± 15 mmHg, p = 0.03). Muscle deoxygenated hemoglobin was unchanged between conditions during exercise (FB = 2.7 ± 1.7 μM, BH = 2.6 ± 1.7 μM, p = 0.37) and no difference in post-exercise blood lactate concentration was observed between conditions (FB = 9.3 ± 3.5 mmol.L, BH = 8.2 ± 2.5 mmol.L, p = 0.15). End-tidal partial pressure of oxygen was reduced (FB = 111 ± 11 mmHg, BH = 76 ± 14 mmHg, p < 0.001) and oxygen uptake was increased (FB = 2.36 ± 0.63 L.min, BH = 4.52 ± 0.73 L.min, p < 0.001) under the breath-holding condition immediately post-exercise. Exercise-induced tachycardia prevailed over apnea-induced bradycardia during exercise, but residual effects of breath-holding were evidenced by the observed bradycardia during recovery. These data suggest that intrinsic oxygen stores were sufficient to sustain the aerobic energy contribution during 20 s high-intensity exercise while breath-holding.
本研究的目的是确定高强度运动期间屏气的生理影响。20名参与者（年龄：23±4岁，10名女性）在自由呼吸（FB）和屏气（BH）条件下进行了20秒的同时进行手臂和腿部测力计运动的冲刺。两种呼吸条件下保持相同的功率输出。运动期间屏气条件下心率显著更高（FB = 118±12次/分钟，BH = 131±14次/分钟；p < 0.001），但运动后5分钟更低（FB = 110±16次/分钟，BH = 102±15次/分钟，p = 0.003）。运动后屏气条件下收缩压更高（FB = 142±18 mmHg，BH = 151±15 mmHg，p = 0.03）。运动期间两种条件下肌肉脱氧血红蛋白无变化（FB = 2.7±1.7 μM，BH = 2.6±1.7 μM，p = 0.37），且两种条件下运动后血乳酸浓度无差异（FB = 9.3±3.5 mmol/L，BH = 8.2±2.5 mmol/L，p = 0.15）。运动后立即处于屏气条件下时，呼气末氧分压降低（FB = 111±11 mmHg，BH = 76±14 mmHg，p < 0.001），摄氧量增加（FB = 2.36±0.63 L/分钟，BH = 4.52±0.73 L/分钟，p < 0.001）。运动期间运动诱发的心动过速超过了屏气诱发的心动过缓，但恢复期间观察到的心动过缓证明了屏气的残留效应。这些数据表明，内源性氧储备足以在屏气的20秒高强度运动期间维持有氧能量贡献。
