Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024 Jan;53(1):78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.09.005. Epub 2023 Oct 3.
Since its release at the end of 2022, the social response to ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM), has been huge, as it has revolutionized the way we communicate with computers. This review was performed to describe the technical background of LLMs and to provide a review of the current literature on LLMs in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS). The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for LLMs and OMS. Adjacent surgical disciplines were included to cover the entire literature, and records from Google Scholar and medRxiv were added. Out of the 57 records identified, 37 were included; 31 (84%) were related to GPT-3.5, four (11%) to GPT-4, and two (5%) to both. Current research on LLMs is mainly limited to research and scientific writing, patient information/communication, and medical education. Classic OMS diseases are underrepresented. The current literature related to LLMs in OMS has a limited evidence level. There is a need to investigate the use of LLMs scientifically and systematically in the core areas of OMS. Although LLMs are likely to add value outside the operating room, the use of LLMs raises ethical and medical regulatory issues that must first be addressed.
自 2022 年底发布以来，大型语言模型（LLM）ChatGPT 在社会上引起了巨大反响，它彻底改变了我们与计算机交流的方式。本文旨在描述 LLM 的技术背景，并对口腔颌面外科（OMS）领域 LLM 的当前文献进行综述。我们在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库中搜索了 LLM 和 OMS 的相关文献。为涵盖整个文献范围，我们还纳入了相邻手术学科的文献，并补充了来自 Google Scholar 和 medRxiv 的记录。在确定的 57 条记录中，有 37 条被纳入；其中 31 条（84%）与 GPT-3.5 相关，4 条（11%）与 GPT-4 相关，2 条（5%）与两者均相关。目前关于 LLM 的研究主要局限于研究和科学写作、患者信息/沟通以及医学教育。经典的 OMS 疾病代表性不足。目前关于 OMS 中 LLM 的文献证据水平有限。有必要在 OMS 的核心领域中科学、系统地研究 LLM 的应用。虽然 LLM 可能在手术室外增加价值，但 LLM 的使用引发了伦理和医疗监管问题，这些问题必须首先得到解决。
