Dieu Osika Sylvie, Issaeva Ludmila, Boutin Emmanuelle, Osika Eric
Jean Verdier Hospital, Bondy, France.
Kremlin Bicetre medical center, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2023 Nov;30(8):558-562. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.09.002. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
Our aim was to describe the exposure of French children aged 12-36 months to screens (time, content, age of first exposure) and to analyze different moderating factors: sociodemographic data, parents' screen time, and other factors (childcare arrangements, language spoken at home, book reading).
We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study based on 171 questionnaires from parents of children aged 12-36 months who consulted different hospitals in the Paris region during the summer of 2020.
The median screen time was 1 h per day and was essentially television time. The median age of first exposure for children was 12 months. Among the most-watched sites, YouTube was in first place. One third of the children chose the content they watched alone, and the majority did so without any parental guidance (66%). Children watched a screen during mealtime every day in 25% of cases, before bedtime in 12.3% of cases, and 8.8% had a screen in their bedroom. More than one third of families left the television on in the background most of the time. In the multivariate analysis, a high level of screen time was notably linked to the child's age, the parents' screen time, and background television. However, the parental reason for exposure "to calm the child" was the most strongly correlated factor with significant child screen time. Reading books appeared to be a determining factor for less screen exposure.
These results emphasize the importance of raising parents' awareness about the potential negative effects of screen exposure (particularly on children's cognitive and emotional development) as early as possible during the maternity period. Implementing this prevention in the maternity wards could be an effective way of informing and educating parents about the potential negative effects of screen time on their child's development.
我们的目的是描述12至36个月大的法国儿童接触屏幕的情况（时间、内容、首次接触年龄），并分析不同的调节因素：社会人口统计学数据、父母的屏幕使用时间以及其他因素（儿童保育安排、在家说的语言、阅读书籍）。
我们基于2020年夏季在巴黎地区不同医院就诊的12至36个月大儿童的父母填写的171份问卷，进行了一项观察性、横断面、描述性和分析性研究。
屏幕使用时间的中位数为每天1小时，主要是看电视的时间。儿童首次接触屏幕的中位数年龄为12个月。在观看最多的网站中，YouTube位居榜首。三分之一的儿童独自选择观看的内容，大多数儿童在没有任何父母指导的情况下这样做（66%）。25%的儿童每天在进餐时看屏幕，12.3%在就寝前看屏幕，8.8%的儿童卧室里有屏幕。超过三分之一的家庭大部分时间让电视处于开着的背景状态。在多变量分析中，高水平的屏幕使用时间尤其与儿童年龄、父母的屏幕使用时间以及背景电视有关。然而，父母让孩子接触屏幕的“使孩子平静”这一原因是与儿童显著的屏幕使用时间最密切相关的因素。读书似乎是减少屏幕接触的一个决定性因素。
这些结果强调了在孕期尽早提高父母对屏幕接触潜在负面影响（特别是对儿童认知和情感发展的影响）的认识的重要性。在产科病房实施这种预防措施可能是一种向父母宣传和教育屏幕使用时间对孩子发展潜在负面影响的有效方式。
