Examining Parental Monitoring, Neighborhood Peer Anti-social Behavior, and Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Control as a Pathway to Adolescent Substance Use.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period in which substance use can have long-term adverse effects. Structural ecosystem theory (SET) argues that community contexts may support or undermine the family's ability to protect youth from substance use. Specific parenting attributes (e.g., providing structure, monitoring) have consistently been linked to youth substance use. However, less is known about how community factors may be influencing substance use through family and peer dynamics during adolescence. To address this gap, the current study uses five waves (ages 10-17) of data, collected as part of the Pitt Mother and Child Project ( = 228 low-income boys and their parents). This data are used to test a path model that investigates the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage (at age 10) and adolescent boys substance use (at age 17) through parental perceptions of neighborhood process (age 11), parents' perceptions of monitoring (age 12) and affiliation with anti-social neighborhood peers/best friends (age 15). This study finds support for the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage in late childhood and substance use at age 17 through parental perceptions of neighborhood cohesion, parental monitoring at age 12, and the youths' association with neighborhood best friends and marijuana use, but limited support for the indirect effect. The findings of this study partially support the assertion that neighborhood factors influence adolescent boys marijuana use by affecting other relationships within their ecological systems, suggesting that more research is needed in this area.