Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
J Neurosci Res. 2024 Jan;102(1):e25247. doi: 10.1002/jnr.25247. Epub 2023 Oct 6.
This study aimed to assess the focal cerebral ischemia-induced changes in learning and memory together with glutamatergic pathway in rats and the effects of treatment of the animals with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). One hundred male rats were divided into five groups as sham, tDCS, Ischemia/Reperfusion (IR), IR + tDCS, and IR + E-tDCS groups. Learning, memory, and locomotor activity functions were evaluated by behavioral experiments in rats. Glutamate and glutamine levels, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor (AMPAR1), N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR1 and NMDAR2A), vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGLUT-1), and excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-3) mRNA expressions in hippocampus tissues were measured. Ischemic areas were analyzed by TTC staining. The increase was observed in IR + tDCS, and IR + E-tDCS groups compared to the IR group while a significant decrease was observed in IR group compared to the sham in the locomotor activity, learning, and memory tests. While glutamate and glutamine levels, AMPAR1, NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, VGLUT1, and EAAT1 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in IR group compared to the sham group, it was found to be significantly lower in IR + tDCS and IR + E-tDCS groups compared to the IR group. EAAT2 and EAAT3 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in IR + tDCS and IR + E-tDCS groups compared to the IR group. Ischemic areas were significantly decreased in IR + tDCS and IR + E-tDCS groups compared to the IR group. Current results suggest that tDCS application after ischemia improves learning and memory disorders and these effects of tDCS may be provided through transporters that regulate glutamate levels.
本研究旨在评估大鼠局灶性脑缺血引起的学习记忆变化以及经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对动物的治疗效果。将 100 只雄性大鼠分为假手术组、tDCS 组、缺血再灌注（IR）组、IR+tDCS 组和 IR+E-tDCS 组。通过行为实验评估大鼠的学习、记忆和运动活动功能。测量海马组织中谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺水平、α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸受体（AMPAR1）、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDAR1 和 NMDAR2A）、囊泡谷氨酸转运体-1（VGLUT-1）和兴奋性氨基酸转运体（EAAT1-3）的 mRNA 表达。通过 TTC 染色分析缺血区域。与 IR 组相比，IR+tDCS 组和 IR+E-tDCS 组的运动活动、学习和记忆测试中观察到增加，而与 sham 组相比，IR 组的运动活动、学习和记忆测试中观察到减少。与 sham 组相比，IR 组的谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺水平、AMPAR1、NMDAR1、NMDAR2A、VGLUT1 和 EAAT1 mRNA 表达显著升高，而与 IR 组相比，IR+tDCS 和 IR+E-tDCS 组的谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺水平、AMPAR1、NMDAR1、NMDAR2A、VGLUT1 和 EAAT1 mRNA 表达显著降低。与 IR 组相比，IR+tDCS 和 IR+E-tDCS 组的 EAAT2 和 EAAT3 mRNA 表达显著升高。与 IR 组相比，IR+tDCS 和 IR+E-tDCS 组的缺血面积显著减少。目前的结果表明，缺血后 tDCS 的应用改善了学习和记忆障碍，tDCS 的这些作用可能是通过调节谷氨酸水平的转运体提供的。
