Warren J B, Doble N, Dalton N, Ewan P W
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986 Dec;40(6):673-8. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1986.243.
To determine the systemic absorption of epinephrine when it is given by inhalation, six normal volunteers were given 15 puffs, followed by 30 puffs, of epinephrine from a pressurized aerosol (160 micrograms epinephrine/puff). The peak mean (+/- SE) plasma epinephrine levels were 1.50 (+/- 0.61) and 4.22 (+/- 1.93) nmol/L 1 minute after each dose, respectively. The effect on physiologic finger tremor correlated with the plasma epinephrine level and returned to baseline 20 minutes after taking the higher dose. There was a small fall in mean plasma potassium levels of 0.45 mmol/L and a small rise in plasma glucose levels of 0.81 mmol/L. On a separate occasion an injection of 0.3 ml of 1/1000 (300 micrograms) epinephrine was given subcutaneously to the same individuals. This caused a peak plasma epinephrine level of 2.43 (+/- 0.47) nmol/L at 10 minutes, and this was still raised at 2.05 (+/- 0.41) nmol/L after 40 minutes. The maximum fall in the mean plasma potassium level was 0.43 mmol/L after the injection.
为了确定吸入肾上腺素后的全身吸收情况，对6名正常志愿者给予来自加压气雾剂的肾上腺素，先给予15喷，随后给予30喷（每喷含160微克肾上腺素）。每次给药后1分钟，血浆肾上腺素水平的峰值平均（±标准误）分别为1.50（±0.61）和4.22（±1.93）纳摩尔/升。对生理性手指震颤的影响与血浆肾上腺素水平相关，在给予较高剂量后20分钟恢复至基线水平。平均血浆钾水平小幅下降0.45毫摩尔/升，血浆葡萄糖水平小幅上升0.81毫摩尔/升。在另一次试验中，对相同个体皮下注射0.3毫升1/1000（300微克）肾上腺素。这导致在10分钟时血浆肾上腺素水平峰值达到2.43（±0.47）纳摩尔/升，40分钟后仍维持在2.05（±0.41）纳摩尔/升。注射后平均血浆钾水平的最大降幅为0.43毫摩尔/升。
