Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
Food Funct. 2023 Oct 16;14(20):9137-9166. doi: 10.1039/d3fo02482b.
Lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest morbidity and mortality. Additionally, pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), also have high mortality rates and can promote the development and progression of lung cancer. Unfortunately, available treatments for them are limited, so it is critical to search for effective drugs and treatment strategies to protect the lungs. Ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng, have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we focus on the beneficial effects of ginsenosides on lung diseases and their molecular mechanisms. Firstly, the molecular mechanism of ginsenosides against lung cancer was summarized in detail, mainly from the points of view of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and immunity. In and lung cancer models, ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2 and CK were reported to have strong anti-lung cancer effects. Then, in the models of pneumonia and acute lung injury, the protective effect of Rb1 was particularly remarkable, followed by Rg3 and Rg1, and its molecular mechanism was mainly associated with targeting NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, ginsenosides may also have a potential health-promoting effect in the improvement of COPD, asthma and PF. Furthermore, to overcome the low bioavailability of CK and Rh2, the development of nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and other nanomedicine delivery systems can significantly improve the efficacy of targeted lung cancer treatment. To conclude, ginsenosides can be used as both anti-lung cancer and lung protective agents or adjuvants and have great potential for future clinical applications.
肺癌是发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。此外，肺部炎症性疾病，如肺炎、急性肺损伤、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和肺纤维化（PF），也具有较高的死亡率，并可促进肺癌的发展和进展。不幸的是，目前对这些疾病的治疗方法有限，因此寻找有效的药物和治疗策略来保护肺部至关重要。人参中的主要活性成分人参皂苷具有抗癌和抗炎作用。在本文中，我们重点介绍了人参皂苷对肺部疾病的有益作用及其分子机制。首先，详细总结了人参皂苷防治肺癌的分子机制，主要从增殖、凋亡、自噬、血管生成、转移、耐药性和免疫等方面进行了阐述。在 和 肺癌模型中，报道了人参皂苷 Rg3、Rh2 和 CK 具有很强的抗肺癌作用。然后，在肺炎和急性肺损伤模型中，Rb1 的保护作用尤为显著，其次是 Rg3 和 Rg1，其分子机制主要与靶向 NF-κB、Nrf2、MAPK 和 PI3K/Akt 途径减轻炎症、氧化应激和细胞凋亡有关。此外，人参皂苷在改善 COPD、哮喘和 PF 方面也可能具有潜在的促进健康作用。此外，为了克服 CK 和 Rh2 的低生物利用度，纳米粒子、胶束、脂质体等纳米医学递送系统的开发可以显著提高靶向肺癌治疗的疗效。综上所述，人参皂苷既可以作为抗癌和肺保护剂或佐剂，也具有很大的临床应用潜力。
