Doglikuu Dominic Be-Ikuu, Annan John Kwasi, Asare Stephen, Yawson Hannah, Takyi Ohene, Dzidzornu Francisca Akpene, Koram Henrietta Oye, Johnson Edna Ayishetu
Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Catholic University of Ghana, Sunyani-Fiapre, Bono Region, Ghana.
Department of Registered Public Health Nursing, Ministry of Health, Twifo Praso Nursing and Midwifery Training College, Central Region, Twifo Praso, Ghana.
BMC Womens Health. 2023 Oct 6;23(1):527. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02674-9.
BACKGROUND: Household food insecurity is the situation where individuals and families have limited/uncertain access to nutritionally adequate and safe foods for healthy living. Family size is the number of persons in the family. Household food insecurity and family size are risk factors for depression. However, their synergistic and/or multiplicative effect on depression is not well investigated. This study investigated/examined household food insecurity, family size and their interaction on depression prevalence among teenaged pregnant girls in Ghana. METHODS: Population based cluster survey was conducted among 225 teenaged pregnant girls in 20-electoral areas at Twifo-Atti-Morkwa district in the central region of Ghana. Simple random sampling was used to recruit study participants and structured questionnaire used to collect demographic variables. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25) were used to collect data. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyzed the data. RESULTS: Moderate and high depression prevalence reported among teenaged pregnant girls in Twifo-Atti-Morkwa district were 35.1(28.1-42.1) and 33.5 (26.5-40.5) respectively. Moderate family size (AOR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.17-3.71) and large-family-size (AOR = 2.78, 95%CI = 3.98-10.19) were significant for depression. Moderate food insecurity (AOR = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.41 - 0.35) and high food insecurity (AOR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.11-0.71) were significant for depression. Interaction between moderate food insecurity and moderate family size (AOR = 1.69, 95%CI = 2.79-17.51), interaction between high food insecurity and low family size (AOR = 1.24, 95%CI 1.57-11.41) and interaction between high food insecurity and large family size (AOR = 1.01, 95%CI = 1.72-14.57) were significant for depression among teenaged pregnant girls. CONCLUSION: There is moderate and high depression prevalence among teenaged pregnant girls in Twifo-Atti-Morkwa district. Interaction between household food insecurity and family size are the major predictors for depression among the teenaged girls in the district. We therefore recommend that public health officers should be up with health education campaigns in the district to create awareness on the depression prevalence among teenaged girls, and urge them to come out and seek support to prevent the catastrophic effect of depression.
背景：家庭粮食不安全是指个人和家庭获取营养充足且安全的健康生活所需食物的机会有限或不确定。家庭规模是指家庭中的人数。家庭粮食不安全和家庭规模是抑郁症的风险因素。然而，它们对抑郁症的协同和/或相乘效应尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了加纳特维福 - 阿蒂 - 莫尔夸区青少年怀孕女孩中的家庭粮食不安全、家庭规模及其相互作用对抑郁症患病率的影响。 方法：在加纳中部地区特维福 - 阿蒂 - 莫尔夸区的20个选区对225名青少年怀孕女孩进行了基于人群的整群调查。采用简单随机抽样招募研究参与者，并使用结构化问卷收集人口统计学变量。使用家庭粮食不安全获取量表（HFIAS）和修订版儿童焦虑与抑郁量表（RCADS - 25）收集数据。采用多项逻辑回归模型分析数据。 结果：特维福 - 阿蒂 - 莫尔夸区青少年怀孕女孩中报告的中度和高度抑郁症患病率分别为35.1（28.1 - 42.1）和33.5（26.5 - 40.5）。中等家庭规模（AOR = 1.08，95%CI = 1.17 - 3.71）和大家庭规模（AOR = 2.78，95%CI = 3.98 - 10.19）与抑郁症显著相关。中度粮食不安全（AOR = 0.12，95%CI = 0.41 - 0.35）和高度粮食不安全（AOR = 0.27，95%CI = 0.11 - 0.71）与抑郁症显著相关。中度粮食不安全与中等家庭规模之间的相互作用（AOR = 1.69，95%CI = 2.79 - 17.51）、高度粮食不安全与小家庭规模之间的相互作用（AOR = 1.24，95%CI 1.57 - 11.41）以及高度粮食不安全与大家庭规模之间的相互作用（AOR = 1.01，95%CI = 1.72 - 14.57）在青少年怀孕女孩的抑郁症中具有显著意义。 结论：特维福 - 阿蒂 - 莫尔夸区青少年怀孕女孩中存在中度和高度抑郁症患病率。家庭粮食不安全与家庭规模之间的相互作用是该地区青少年女孩抑郁症的主要预测因素。因此，我们建议公共卫生官员应在该地区开展健康教育活动，提高对青少年女孩抑郁症患病率的认识，并敦促她们寻求支持以预防抑郁症的灾难性影响。
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